[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 84 (Thursday, April 30, 2020)]
[Notices]
[Pages 23988-23992]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-09177]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS-R1-ES-2019-N071; FXES11130100000-190-FF01E00000]
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Kauai
Islandwide Recovery Plan
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of document availability for review and public comment.
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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, announce the
availability of the Draft Kauai Islandwide Recovery Plan under the
Endangered Species Act. This draft recovery plan addresses 175 listed
species occurring on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, 111 of which are
endemic to Kauai. The draft recovery plan includes specific goals,
objectives, and criteria that should be met to remove the Kauai endemic
species from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and
Plants. For the listed species that occur on multiple Hawaiian islands,
the draft recovery plan describes those actions specific to Kauai;
complete recovery actions and recovery criteria for these species will
be covered in a subsequent multi-island recovery plan. We request
review and comment on this draft recovery plan from local, State, and
Federal agencies and the public. We will also accept any new
information on the species' status throughout their range.
DATES: In order to be considered, comments on the draft recovery plan
must be received on or before July 29, 2020. However, we will accept
information about any species at any time.
ADDRESSES: An electronic copy of the draft recovery plan is available
at our website at http://www.fws.gov/endangered/species/recovery-plans.html and http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/endangered/recovery/plans.html. If you wish to comment on the plan, you may submit
your comments in writing by any one of the following methods:
(1) You may submit written comments and materials to Field
Supervisor, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3122, Honolulu, HI
96850.
(2) You may submit written comments to our Pacific Islands Fish and
Wildlife Office by fax at (808)792-9581.
(3) You may send comments by email to gregory_koob@fws.gov.
For additional information about submitting comments, see the
``Request for Public Comments'' section below.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gregory Koob, Deputy Field Supervisor,
by mail at the above Honolulu address, or by telephone at (808)792-
9400. Individuals who are hearing impaired may call the Federal Relay
Service at 800-877-8339 for TTY assistance.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
announce the availability of the Draft Kauai Islandwide Recovery Plan
under the Endangered Species Act (Act; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). This
draft recovery plan addresses 175 listed species occurring on the
island of Kauai, Hawaii, 111 of which are endemic to Kauai. The draft
recovery plan includes specific goals, objectives, and criteria that
should be met to remove the Kauai endemic species from the Federal List
of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. For the listed
species that occur on multiple Hawaiian islands, the draft recovery
plan describes those actions specific to Kauai; complete recovery
actions and recovery criteria for these species will be covered in a
subsequent multi-island recovery plan. We request review and comment on
this draft recovery plan from local, State, and Federal agencies and
the public. We will also accept any new information on any species'
status throughout its range.
Background
Recovery of endangered or threatened animals and plants to the
point where they are again secure, self-sustaining members of their
ecosystems is a primary goal of our endangered species program and the
Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Recovery means improvement of the status
of listed species to the point at which listing is no longer
appropriate under the criteria set out in section 4(a)(1) of the Act.
The Act requires the development of recovery plans for listed species,
unless such a plan would not promote the conservation of a particular
species.
Species Addressed in Recovery Plan
This draft recovery plan addresses 175 species, as listed in the
table below. Many of these species have been addressed previously in
earlier recovery plans; this plan will update and supersede the Kauai-
specific actions in those documents, and is intended to provide a
single unified reference for the recovery of all listed species on
Kauai.
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Most recent
Scientific name Common name Listing status Kauai endemic recovery plan
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PLANTS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acaena exigua.................... Liliwai............. Endangered........... No............ D
Achyranthes mutica............... No common name...... Endangered........... No............ A
Adenophorus periens.............. Fern, pendant kihi.. Endangered........... No............ A
Alectryon macrococcus............ Mahoe............... Endangered........... No............ D
Asplenium dielerectum............ Diellia, asplenium- Endangered........... No............ A
leaved.
Asplenium dielmannii [=Diellia No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
mannii].
Asplenium dielpallidum [=Diellia No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
pallida].
Astelia waialealae............... Painiu.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Bonamia menziesii................ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ A
[[Page 23989]]
Brighamia insignis............... Olulu............... Endangered........... No............ E
Canavalia napaliensis............ Awikiwiki........... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Canavalia pubescens.............. Awikiwiki........... Endangered........... No............ ----
Charpentiera densiflora.......... Papala.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Ctenitis squamigera.............. Pauoa............... Endangered........... No............ C
Cyanea asarifolia................ Haha................ Endangered........... Yes........... E
Cyanea dolichopoda............... Haha................ Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Cyanea eleeleensis............... Haha................ Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Cyanea kolekoleensis............. Haha................ Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Cyanea kuhihewa.................. Haiwale............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Cyanea recta..................... Haha................ Threatened........... Yes........... F
Cyanea remyi..................... Haha................ Endangered........... Yes........... F
Cyanea undulata.................. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... G
Cyperus pennatiformis............ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ A
Cyperus trachysanthos............ Puukaa.............. Endangered........... No............ A
Cyrtandra cyaneoides............. Mapele.............. Endangered........... Yes........... F
Cyrtandra limahuliensis.......... Haiwale............. Threatened........... Yes........... E
Cyrtandra oenobarba.............. Haiwale............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Cyrtandra paliku................. Haiwale............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Delissea rhytidosperma........... No common name...... Endangered........... No............ E
Delissea rivularis............... Oha................. Endangered........... Yes........... F
Diplazium molokaiense............ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ C
Doryopteris angelica............. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Dryopteris crinalis var. Palapalai aumakua... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
podosorus.
Dubautia imbricata subsp. Naenae.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
imbricata.
Dubautia kalalauensis............ Naenae.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Dubautia kenwoodii............... Naenae.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Dubautia latifolia............... Koholapehu.......... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Dubautia pauciflorula............ Naenae.............. Endangered........... Yes........... G
Dubautia plantaginea subsp. Naenae.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
magnifolia.
Dubautia waialealae.............. Naenae.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Euphorbia eleanoriae [=Chamaesyce Akoko............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
eleanoriae].
Euphorbia haeleeleana............ Akoko............... Endangered........... No............ A
Euphorbia halemanui [=Chamaesyce Akoko............... Endangered........... Yes........... E
halemanui].
Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Akoko............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
[=Chamaesyce remyi var.
kauaiensis].
Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Akoko............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
[=Chamaesyce remyi var. remyii.
Exocarpos luteolus............... Heau................ Endangered........... Yes........... E
Flueggea neowawraea.............. Mehamehame.......... Endangered........... No............ A
Gardenia remyi................... Nanu................ Endangered........... No............ ----
Geranium kauaiense............... Nohoanu............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Gouania meyenii.................. No common name...... Endangered........... No............ H
Haplostachys haplostachya........ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ I
Hesperomannia lydgatei........... No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... G
Hibiscadelphus distans........... Kauai hau kuahiwi... Endangered........... Yes........... J
Hibiscadelphus woodii............ Hau kuahiwi......... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Hibiscus brackenridgei........... Mao hau hele, Endangered........... No............ A
(=native yellow
hibiscus).
Hibiscus clayi................... Clay's hibiscus..... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Hibiscus waimeae subsp. hannerae. Kokio keokeo........ Endangered........... Yes........... F
Huperzia mannii.................. Wawaeiole........... Endangered........... No............ D
Huperzia nutans.................. Wawaeiole........... Endangered........... No............ H
Ischaemum byrone................. Hilo ischaemum...... Endangered........... No............ K
Isodendrion laurifolium.......... Aupaka.............. Endangered........... No............ A
Isodendrion longifolium.......... Aupaka.............. Threatened........... No............ A
Joinvillea ascendens subsp. Ohe................. Endangered........... No............ ----
ascendens.
Kadua cookiana [=Hedyotis Awiwi............... Endangered........... No............ E
cookiana].
Kadua fluviatilis [=Hedyotis Kamapuaa............ Endangered........... No............ ----
fluviatilis].
Kadua st.-johnii [=Hedyotis st.- No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
johnii].
Kanaloa kahoolawensis............ Kohe malama malama o Endangered........... No............ B
kanaloa.
Keysseria erici.................. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Keysseria helenae................ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Kokia kauaiensis................. Kokio............... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Labordia helleri................. Kamakahala.......... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Labordia lydgatei................ Kamakahala.......... Endangered........... Yes........... G
Labordia pumila.................. Kamakahala.......... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Labordia tinifolia var. Kamakahala.......... Endangered........... Yes........... F
wahiawaensis.
Lipochaeta fauriei [=Melanthera Nehe................ Endangered........... Yes........... E
fauriei].
Lipochaeta micrantha [=Melanthera Nehe................ Endangered........... Yes........... E
micrantha].
Lipochaeta waimeaensis Nehe................ Endangered........... Yes........... E
[=Melanthera waimeaensis].
Lobelia niihauensis.............. No common name...... Endangered........... No............ H
[[Page 23990]]
Lysimachia daphnoides............ Lehua makanoe....... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Lysimachia iniki................. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Lysimachia pendens............... No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Lysimachia scopulensis........... No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Lysimachia venosa................ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Melicope degeneri................ Alani............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Melicope haupuensis.............. Alani............... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Melicope knudsenii............... Alani............... Endangered........... No............ E
Melicope pallida................. Alani............... Endangered........... No............ E
Melicope paniculata.............. Alani............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Melicope puberula................ Alani............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Melicope quadrangularis.......... Alani............... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Mezoneuron kavaiense............. Uhiuhi.............. Endangered........... No............ L
Myrsine fosbergii................ Kolea............... Endangered........... No............ ----
Myrsine knudsenii................ Kolea............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Myrsine linearifolia............. Kolea............... Threatened........... Yes........... F
Myrsine mezii.................... Kolea............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Nothocestrum latifolium.......... Aiea................ Endangered........... No............ ----
Nothocestrum peltatum............ Aiea................ Endangered........... Yes........... E
Panicum niihauense............... Lauehu.............. Endangered........... No............ A
Peucedanum sandwicense........... Makou............... Threatened........... No............ E
Phyllostegia knudsenii........... No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Phyllostegia renovans............ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Phyllostegia waimeae............. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Phyllostegia wawrana............. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Pittosporum napaliense........... Hoawa............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Plantago princeps................ Kuahiwi laukahi..... Endangered........... No............ A
Platanthera holochila............ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ A
Platydesma rostrata.............. Pilokea laulii...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Poa mannii....................... Mann's bluegrass.... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Poa sandvicensis................. Hawaiian bluegrass.. Endangered........... Yes........... E
Poa siphonoglossa................ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Polyscias bisattenuata No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
[=Tetraplasandra bisattenuata].
Polyscias flynnii No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
[=Tetraplasandra flynnii].
Polyscias racemosa No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
[=Munroidendron racemosum].
Pritchardia hardyi............... Loulu............... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Pritchardia napaliensis.......... Loulu............... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Pritchardia viscosa.............. Loulu............... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Psychotria grandiflora........... Kopiko.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Psychotria hobdyi................ Kopiko.............. Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Pteralyxia kauaiensis............ Kaulu............... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Ranunculus mauiensis............. Makou............... Endangered........... No............ ----
Remya kauaiensis................. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Remya montgomeryi................ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Scaevola coriacea................ Naupaka, dwarf...... Endangered........... No............ D
Schenkia sebaeoides.............. Awiwi............... Endangered........... No............ A
Schiedea apokremnos.............. Maolioli............ Endangered........... Yes........... E
Schiedea attenuata............... No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Schiedea helleri................. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Schiedea kauaiensis.............. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Schiedea lychnoides Kuawawaenohu........ Endangered........... Yes........... F
[=Alsinidendron lychnoides].
Schiedea membranacea............. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Schiedea nuttalii................ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ A
Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Schiedea spergulina var. No common name...... Threatened........... Yes........... E
spergulina.
Schiedea stellarioides........... Laulihilihi......... Endangered........... Yes........... F
Schiedea viscosa [=Alsinidendron No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
viscosum].
Sesbania tomentosa............... Ohai................ Endangered........... No............ A
Silene lanceolata................ No common name...... Endangered........... No............ M
Solanum incompletum.............. Popolo ku mai....... Endangered........... No............ A
Solanum nelsonii................. Popolo.............. Endangered........... No............ ----
Solanum sandwicense.............. Popolo aiakeakua.... Endangered........... No............ E
Spermolepis hawaiiensis.......... No common name...... Endangered........... No............ A
Stenogyne campanulata............ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Stenogyne kealiae................ No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... ----
Viola helenae.................... No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... G
Viola kauaiensis var. Nani waialeale...... Endangered........... Yes........... F
wahiawaensis.
Wilkesia hobdyi.................. Dwarf iliau......... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Xylosma crenatum................. No common name...... Endangered........... Yes........... E
Zanthoxylum hawaiiense........... Ae.................. Endangered........... No............ K
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[[Page 23991]]
INVERTEBRATES
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Manduca blackburni............... Blackburn's sphinx Endangered........... No............ N
moth.
Drosophila musaphilia............ Hawaiian picture- Endangered........... Yes........... ----
wing fly.
Drosophila sharpi................ Hawaiian picture- Endangered........... Yes........... ----
wing fly.
Spelaeorchestia koloana.......... Kauai cave amphipod. Endangered........... Yes........... O
Adelocosa anops.................. Kauai cave wolf Endangered........... Yes........... O
spider.
Erinna newcombi.................. Newcomb's snail..... Threatened........... Yes........... P
Megalagrion xanthomelas.......... Orangeblack Hawaiian Endangered........... No............ ----
damselfly.
Megalagrion pacificum............ Pacific Hawaiian Endangered........... No............ ----
damselfly.
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VERTEBRATES
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Himantopus mexicanus knudseni.... Hawaiian stilt...... Endangered........... No............ Q
Oceanodroma castro............... Akeake, Band-rumped Endangered........... No............ ----
storm-petrel
(Hawaii Distinct
Population Segment).
Loxops caeruleirostris........... Akekee Endangered........... Yes........... ----
(honeycreeper).
Oreomystis bairdi................ Akikiki Endangered........... Yes........... R*
(honeycreeper).
Fulica alai...................... Alae keokeo, Endangered........... No............ Q
Hawaiian coot.
Gallinula galeata sandvicensis... Alae ula, Hawaiian Endangered........... No............ Q
common gallinule.
Puffinus newelli................. Ao, Newell's Endangered........... No............ S
shearwater.
Chelonia mydas................... Green turtle........ Threatened........... No............ T
Myadestes myadestinus............ Kamao, large Kauai Endangered........... Yes........... R
thrush.
Akialoa stejnegeri............... Kauai akialoa....... Endangered........... Yes........... R
Hemignathus hanapepe............. Kauai nukupuu....... Endangered........... Yes........... R
Anas wyvilliana.................. Koloa maoli, Endangered........... No............ Q
Hawaiian duck.
Anas laysanensis................. Laysan duck......... Endangered........... No............ U
Branta sandvicensis.............. Nene, Hawaiian goose Endangered........... No............ V
Moho braccatus................... Oo aa, Kauai oo..... Endangered........... Yes........... R
Lasiurus cinereus semotus........ Opeapea, Hawaiian Endangered........... No............ W
hoary bat.
Psittirostra psittacea........... Ou.................. Endangered........... No............ R
Myadestes palmeri................ Small Kauai thrush.. Endangered........... Yes........... R
Pterodroma sandwichensis......... Hawaiian petrel..... Endangered........... No............ S
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A: Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants (FWS 1999)
B: Addendum to the Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants (FWS 2002)
C: Final Recovery Plan for Four Species of Hawaiian Ferns (FWS 1998a)
D: Recovery Plan for the Maui Plant Cluster (FWS 1997)
E: Recovery Plan for the Kauai Plant Cluster (FWS 1995)
F: Kauai II: Addendum to the Recovery Plan for the Kauai Plant Cluster (FWS 1998b)
G: Recovery Plan for the Wahiawa Plant Cluster (FWS 1994)
H: Recovery Plan for the Oahu Plants (FWS 1998c)
I: Draft Recovery Plan for Haplostachys haplostachya and Stenogyne angustifolia (FWS 1993)
J: Recovery Plan for Hibiscadelphus distans (FWS 1996a)
K: Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster (FWS 1996b)
L: Recovery Plan for Caesalpinia kavaiensis and Kokia drynarioides (FWS 1994)
M: Recovery plan for the Molokai Plant Cluster (FWS 1996c)
N: Recovery Plan for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth (FWS 2005)
O: Final Recovery Plan for the Kauai Cave Arthropods (FWS 2006a)
P: Final Recovery Plan for Newcomb's Snail (FWS 2006b)
Q: Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Waterbirds, Second Revision (FWS 2011)
R: Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds (FWS 2006c)
S: Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel and Newell's Manx Shearwater Recovery Plan (FWS 1983)
T: Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Green Turtle (NMFS and FWS 1998)
U: Revised Recovery Plan for the Laysan Duck (FWS 2009)
V: Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Nene or Hawaiian Goose (FWS 2004)
W: Recovery Plan for the Hawaiian Hoary Bat (FWS 1998d)
*: Addressed only as candidate species.
Major threats to the various Kauai species addressed in this draft
recovery plan include habitat degradation, predation and herbivory by
nonnative mammals and invertebrates, disease spread by nonnative
species, and competition with invasive nonnative plant species.
Recovery Plan Goals
The objective of a recovery plan is to provide a framework for the
recovery of a listed species so that protection under the Act is no
longer necessary. A recovery plan includes scientific information about
the species and provides criteria and actions necessary for us to be
able to reclassify the species or remove it from the Federal List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Recovery plans help
guide our recovery efforts by describing actions we consider necessary
for the species' conservation, and by estimating time and costs for
implementing needed recovery measures.
The draft recovery plan recommends a combination of islandwide
recovery actions (e.g., biosecurity), management
[[Page 23992]]
of ecosystem-level threats within specific geographic management units,
and species-specific recovery actions such as propagation and
reintroduction.
Request for Public Comments
Section 4(f) of the Act requires us to provide public notice and an
opportunity for public review and comment during recovery plan
development. It is also our policy to request peer review of recovery
plans (July 1, 1994; 59 FR 34270). In an appendix to the approved
recovery plan, we will summarize and respond to the issues raised by
the public and peer reviewers. Substantive comments may or may not
result in changes to the recovery plan; comments regarding recovery
plan implementation will be forwarded as appropriate to Federal or
other entities so that they can be taken into account during the course
of implementing recovery actions.
We request written comments on the draft recovery plan. Before we
approve the plan, we will consider all comments we receive by the date
specified in DATES. Methods of submitting comments are described in
ADDRESSES.
Public Availability of Comments
Before including your address, phone number, email address, or
other personal identifying information in your comment, you should be
aware that your entire comment--including your personal identifying
information--may be made publicly available at any time. While you can
ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be
able to do so.
Authority
The authority for this action is section 4(f) of the Endangered
Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
Mary Abrams,
Acting Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. 2020-09177 Filed 4-29-20; 8:45 am]
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