[Federal Register: June 12, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 112)]
[Notices]
[Page 28062-28066]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr12jn09-84]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS-R9-FHC-2009-N0082; 40120-1113-4044-D2-FY09]
Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability of draft revised marine mammal stock
assessment reports for two stocks of West Indian manatee; request for
comments.
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SUMMARY: In accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (MMPA), and its implementing regulations, we, the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (Service), have developed a draft revised marine
mammal stock assessment report (SAR) for each of the two West Indian
manatee stocks in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico: The
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) stock and the Puerto
Rico stock of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). Both are
available for public review and comment.
DATES: We must receive comments by September 10, 2009.
ADDRESSES: To obtain the SARs for either or both of the West Indian
manatee subspecies, and to submit comments, see Document Availability
and Public Comment, respectively, under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: West Indian Manatee in Florida: Jim
Valade, (904) 731-3336 (telephone) or northflorida@fws.gov (e-mail).
West Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico: Carlos Diaz, (787) 851-7297
(telephone) or Carlos_Diaz@fws.gov (e-mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Under the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and its implementing
regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR part 18,
we regulate the taking, possession, transportation, purchasing,
selling, offering for sale, exporting, and importing of marine mammals.
One of the MMPA's goals is to ensure that stocks of marine mammals
occurring in waters under U.S. jurisdiction do not experience a level
of human-caused mortality and serious injury that is likely to cause
the stock to be reduced below its optimum sustainable population level
(OSP). OSP is defined as ``the number of animals which will result in
the maximum productivity of the population or the
[[Page 28063]]
species, keeping in mind the carrying capacity of the habitat and the
health of the ecosystem of which they form a constituent element.''
To help accomplish the goal of maintaining marine mammal stocks at
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA requires us and the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a SAR for each marine mammal stock
that occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction. A SAR must be based on
the best scientific information available; therefore, we prepare it in
consultation with established regional scientific review groups. Each
SAR must include: (1) A description of the stock and its geographic
range; (2) a minimum population estimate, maximum net productivity
rate, and current population trend; (3) an estimate of human-caused
mortality and serious injury; (4) a description of commercial fishery
interactions; (5) a categorization of the status of the stock; and (6)
an estimate of the potential biological removal (PBR) level. The PBR is
defined as ``the maximum number of animals, not including natural
mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal stock while
allowing that stock to reach or maintain its OSP.'' The PBR is the
product of the minimum population estimate of the stock
(Nmin); one-half the maximum theoretical or estimated net
productivity rate of the stock at a small population size
(Rmax); and a recovery factor (Fr) of between 0.1
and 1.0, which is intended to compensate for uncertainty and unknown
estimation errors.
Section 117 of the MMPA also requires us and NMFS to review the
SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that are specified as strategic
stocks, (b) at least annually for stocks for which significant new
information is available, and (c) at least once every 3 years for all
other stocks.
A strategic stock is defined in the MMPA as a marine mammal stock
(a) for which the level of direct human-caused mortality exceeds the
PBR; (b) which, based on the best available scientific information, is
declining and is likely to be listed as a threatened species under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
ESA), within the foreseeable future; or (c) which is listed as a
threatened or endangered species under the ESA, or is designated as
depleted under the MMPA.
The following table summarizes the information we are now making
available in the draft revised SARs for the Florida and Puerto Rico
stocks of the West Indian manatee, listing each stock's
Nmin, Rmax, Fr, PBR, annual estimated
human-caused mortality and serious injury, and status. After
consideration of any public comments we receive, we will revise the
SARs for one or both subspecies, as appropriate. We will publish a
notice of availability and summary of the final SARs, including
responses to comments we receive.
Table 1--Summary: Draft Revised Stock Assessment Reports, West Indian Manatee
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual estimated
average human-
West Indian Manatee Stocks: Nmin Rmax Fr PBR caused mortality Stock status
and serious injury
(5-year average)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Florida............................ 3,807 0.06 0.1 12 87 Strategic
Puerto Rico........................ 72 0.04 0.1 0 2 Strategic
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document Availability
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Florida
You may obtain a copy by any one of the following methods:
Internet: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida.
Write to or visit (during normal business hours) the Field
Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jacksonville Field Office,
7915 Baymeadows Way, Suite 200, Jacksonville, FL 32256-7517; telephone:
(904) 731-3336.
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico
You may obtain a copy by any one of the following methods:
Internet: http://www.fws.gov/caribbean/es/Endangered-
Animals.html.
Write to or visit (during normal business hours) the Field
Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Caribbean Field Office,
Carr 301, KM 5.1, BQ Corozo, or P.O Box 491, Boqueron, PR 00622;
telephone: (787) 851-7297.
Public Comment
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Florida
You may submit a written comment by any one of the following
methods:
E-mail: northflorida@fws.gov.
Mail or hand-delivery: Field Supervisor, Jacksonville
Field Office (see address above).
Fax: (904) 731-3045.
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico
You may submit a written comment by any one of the following
methods:
E-mail: Carlos_Diaz@fws.gov.
Mail or hand-delivery: Field Supervisor, Caribbean Field
Office (see address above).
Fax: (787) 851-7440.
References
In accordance with the MMPA, we include in this notice a list of
the information sources and public reports upon which we based the
SARs.
Florida Manatee Stock:
Ackerman, B.B., S.D. Wright, R.K. Bonde, D.K. Odell, and D.J.
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H.F. Percival, editors. Population Biology of the Florida Manatee.
National Biological Service, Information and Technology Report No.
1. Washington, DC.
Beck, C.A. 2007a. USGS FISC Sirenia Project. Personal communication
to Jim Valade, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee Individual Photo-
Identification System (MIPS) data, number of manatees with
entanglement-related scars, 1974 to 2007. Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Beck, C.A. 2007b. USGS FISC Sirenia Project. Personal communication
to Dawn Jennings, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee Individual Photo-
Identification System (MIPS) data, records of identifiable manatees
moving between management units, 1974 to 2007. Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Beck, C.A. and N.B. Barros. 1991. The impact of debris on the
Florida manatee. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22:508-510.
Beck, C.A. and L.W. Lefebvre. 1995. Are female manatees more
vulnerable to entanglement in crab trap lines? Abstract. Eleventh
Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Orlando, FL.
December 14-18, 1995.
Bonde, R.K., T.J. O'Shea, and C.A. Beck. 1983. Manual of procedures
for the salvage
[[Page 28064]]
and necropsy of carcasses of the West Indian manatee Trichechus
manatus. NTIS PB83-255273. Springfield, VA. 175 pp.
Bowles, A.E., T. Yack, C. Alves, R. Anderson and N.M. Adimey. 2003.
Experimental studies of manatee entanglement in crab traps.
Abstract. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine
Mammals, Greensboro, NC. December 14-19, 2003.
Bowles, A.E. 2000. Manatee behaviors in the presence of fishing
gear: response to novelty and the potential for reducing gear
interactions. Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, CA.
Annual report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 16+ pp.
Brooks, W.B. 1999. Manatees, monofilament, crab traps and
management. Abstract. Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology
of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui, HI. November 28 to December 3,
1999.
Buergelt, C.D., R.K. Bonde, C.A. Beck, and T.J. O'Shea. 1984.
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Veterinary Medicine Association 11:1331-1334.
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population trends along the Atlantic coast of Florida using a
Bayesian approach with temperature-adjusted aerial survey data.
Marine Mammal Science 20(3):386-400.
Deutsch, C.J., B.B. Ackerman, T.D. Pitchford, and S.A. Rommel. 2002.
Trends in manatee mortality in Florida. Abstract. Manatee Population
Ecology and Management Workshop, Gainesville, FL. April 1-4, 2002.
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fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic Coast of the
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entanglement-related scars, 1974 to 2007. Available from: USFWS
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Authority
The authority for this action is the Marine Mammal Protection Act
of 1972, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et al.).
Dated: June 3, 2009.
Marvin Moriarty,
Acting Director, Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. E9-13799 Filed 6-11-09; 8:45 am]
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