Woman wearing green raincoat with hands out - a bird that she has just released is flying away.
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Defining "Normal" with Long-Term, Time-series Data

Our seabird monitoring program provides long-term, time-series data. When the data reveal biologically-significant changes, scientists can test hypotheses about the causes of those changes. This long-term monitoring program is an integral part of the management of the Alaska Maritime Refuge. The information it provides is used to define "normal" variability in demographic parameters and identify patterns that fall outside norms, thereby signaling conservation issues.

Strategy for Data Collection

The strategy for colony monitoring includes estimating timing of nesting events, reproductive success, population trends, and prey used by representative species of various foraging guilds (e.g., murres are offshore diving fish-feeders, kittiwakes are offshore surface-feeding fish-feeders, auklets are diving plankton-feeders, etc.) at geographically dispersed breeding sites along the entire coastline of Alaska.

Monitoring Sites

A total of 10 sites on Alaska Maritime Refuge located roughly 300 to 500 km apart, are scheduled for annual surveys, and at least some data is available from all of these in most years. In addition, colonies near the annual sites are identified for less frequent surveys to "calibrate" the information gathered at the annual sites. Data provided from other research projects (e.g., those associated with evaluating the impacts of oil spills on marine birds) also supplement the monitoring database.

map of Alaska highlighting islands
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Annual Monitoring Field Sites

(from north to south around the coast)

  • Cape Lisburne
  • St. Paul Island
  • St. George Island
  • Buldir Island
  • Kasatochi - No annual monitoring since the volcanic eruption of 2008. 
  • Aiktak
  • Chowiet
  • E. Amatuli in the Barren Islands
  • St. Lazaria

Examples of Target Species for Seabird Monitoring

Feeding MethodDietFeed NearshoreFeed Offshore
Surface

Fish-eating

Plankton-eating

Gull

Fork-tailed storm-petrel

Kittiwake

Leach's storm-petrel

Diving

Fish-eating

Plankton-eating

Guillemots

Whiskered auklets

Murres

Least auklets

Hear from one of our seabird biologists:

Contact Information

Species

Programs

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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages an unparalleled network of public lands and waters called the National Wildlife Refuge System. With more than 570 refuges spanning the country, this system protects iconic species and provides some of the best wildlife viewing opportunities on Earth.
Program
Washington,DC

Facilities

A pair of Horned Puffins with brightly colored yellow and red bills perches on a cliff near their nest. The cliff in the background is blurred.
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge stretches from the spectacular volcanic islands of the Aleutian chain to the Inside Passage, and north to the Chukchi Sea, providing essential habitat for marine mammals and some 40 million seabirds, representing more than 30 species.
National Wildlife Refuge
Homer,AK

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