Programmatic Biological Opinion for the Effects on Whitebark Pine from All Bureau of Land Management Activities

This document transmits the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (FWS) programmatic biological opinion (PBO) for the effects to whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis; WBP) from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Livestock Grazing and Range Improvements; Lands, Realty and Cadastral Survey; Mining; Oil and Gas; Geothermal; Forest and Vegetation Management; Wild Horse and Burro Management; Recreation; Recovery Efforts and Research Activities; and committed conservation measures (BLM Activities) throughout the listed range of the WBP. Our opinion is based on our review of BLM’s request for programmatic consultation on WBP received April 1, 2024 (BLM 2024), the biological assessment (BA) addendum received on March 7, 2025 (BLM 2025), and supplemental information received on August 22, 2025, for the BLM Activities on BLM-administered lands throughout the listed range of the species in accordance with section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). The BLM Activities include ongoing and future actions proposed on BLM-administered lands: the scope of this programmatic consultation covers potential effects to WBP from implementation of these BLM Activities.