The basis for this HSI model was developed in a workshop that included the following waterfowl biologists form the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND: Leo Kirsch (retired), John Lokemoen, and George Swanson. These individuals contributed freely of their experience so that we could develop the most reasonable HSI model possible with the current knowledge of waterfowl habitat requirements. L. Kirsch, J. Lokemoen, and G. Swanson also reviewed the model that resulted from the workshop. L. Kirsch provided unpublished data that were used in the development of the nesting component portion of this model.
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