Phacelia submutica

DeBeque Phacelia

FWS Focus

Overview

Characteristics
Overview

DeBeque phacelia is a low-growing, herbaceous, spring annual plant with a tap root that is subject to human-caused modifications from natural gas exploration and production with associated expansion of pipelines, roads and utilities, as well as development within the Westwide Energy Corridor, increased access to the habitat by off highway vehicles, soil and seed disturbance by livestock. Other disturbances, as wellas the inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms also impact the species.

Scientific Name

Phacelia submutica
Common Name
DeBeque phacelia
FWS Category
Flowering Plants
Kingdom

Location in Taxonomic Tree

Identification Numbers

TSN:

Characteristics

Characteristic category

Physical Characteristics

Characteristics
Size & Shape

The stems are typically 0.8 to 3 inches (2 to 8 centimeters) long, often branched at the base and mostly lying flat on the ground as a low rosette. Stems are often deep red and more or less hairy with straight and stiff hairs. Leaves are similarly hairy, reddish at maturity, 0.2 to 0.6 inches (5 to 15 millimeters) long, egg-shaped or almost rectangular with rounded corners, with bases abruptly tapering to a wedge-shaped point. Leaf margins are smooth or toothed. The tube-shaped flowers are yellowish white, on short stems; the five petals are 0.16 to 0.19 inches (4 to 5 millimeters) long; the stamens do not protrude beyond the petals. The elongated egg-shaped seeds are 0.6 to 0.8 inches (1.5 to 2 millemters) long with 6 to 12 crosswise corrugations and are blackish brown and somewhat iridescent.

Characteristic category

Life Cycle

Characteristics
Life Cycle
Reproduction

DeBeque phacelia plants flower between late April and late June, and set seed from mid-May through late June. Individuals finish their life cycle by late June to early July, after which time they dry up and disintegrate or blow away, leaving no indication that the plants were present. The species grows in a habitat with wide temperature fluctuations, long drought periods and erosive saline soils. Upon drying, cracks form in the shrink-swell clay soils. Seeds plant themselves by falling into the cracks that close when wetted, thus covering the seeds. DeBeque phacelia seeds can remain dormant for 5 years - and probably longer - until the combination and timing of temperature and precipitation are optimal for germination.

Characteristic category

Habitat

Characteristics
Habitat

DeBeque phacelia is restricted to exposures of chocolate to purplish brown and dark charcoal gray alkaline clay soils derived from the Atwell Gulch and Shire members of the Wasatch Formation. These expansive clay soils are found on moderately steep slopes, benches and ridge tops adjacent to valley floors of the southern Piceance Basin in Mesa and Garfield counties, Colorado. On these slopes and soils, DeBeque phacelia usually grows only on one unique small spot of ground that shows a slightly different texture, color and crack pattern than the similar surrounding soils. We do not have a precise scientific description of the soil features required to support this species. The natural shrink-swell cracking process creates the conditions needed for the plants and seed bank to thrive.

Geography

Characteristics
Range

DeBeque phacelia is a rare annual plant endemic to clay soils derived from the Atwell Gulch and Shire members of the Wasatch Formation in Mesa and Garfield counties, Colorado. A general range encompassing outlying occurrences of DeBeque phacelia includes about 82,231 acres (34,896 hectares). The growing town of DeBeque and about 10 miles (16.4 kilometers) of Interstate 70 and the Colorado River bisect the species' range.

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