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Figure 3. Representative photo of tundra patches in our study area (the Kanuti Lake patch) with a Whimbrel perched on the tallest black spruce in the foreground. Here patches are typically surrounded by a combination of waterbodies, hills, or wooded areas like the black spruce woodland in the distance, with no tundra connectivity between patches to allow family movements (photo: C. Harwood/USFWS).