Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Rule To List the Scimitar-Horned Oryx, Addax, and Dama Gazelle as Endangered

We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine endangered status for scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), addax (Addax nasomaculatus), and dama gazelle (Gazella dama) throughout their ranges, pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). The best available information indicates that the causes of decline of these antelopes are (1) habitat loss through desertification, permanent human settlement, and competition with domestic livestock, and (2) regional military activity and uncontrolled killing. These threats have caused the possible extinction in the wild of the scimitar-horned oryx and the near-extinction of the addax in the wild. All three species are in danger of extinction throughout their ranges. Accordingly, we are listing these three antelopes as endangered.