Species that are considered uncertain risk need a more in-depth assessment beyond the Risk Summary to better define the species’ risk to U.S. environments.
The history of invasiveness is uncertain. Most sources list the range of this species as confined to Europe and Asia. One source did list populations in North America but did not explicitly state if they were native or introduced. No other records of introduction were found. The climate match was high, especially in the Appalachian range, parts of the Great Lakes Basin and Great Plains, and southern California. Most of the country had a medium climate match. The certainty of assessment is low. The overall risk assessment category is uncertain. The history of invasiveness of this species is unclear, as is the actual global distribution.