Species that are considered high risk have a well-documented history of invasiveness in at least one location globally, and a high or medium climate match to the contiguous United States.
Bythotrephes longimanus has become established across the Great Lakes region of the U.S. and Canada since the 1980s. As a predator, it has been responsible for substantial declines and shifts in the zooplankton community in lakes where it has been introduced. The lost value of the ecosystem services provided one of B. longimanus’ prey species, Daphnia pulicaria, has been estimated at up to US$163 million for one lake in Wisconsin. B. longimanus can also get caught on fishing gear and ruin it. Potential vectors for B. longimanus spread include ship ballast water and contaminated fishing gear. Climate match to the contiguous U.S. is high. Overall risk for this species is high.