Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge
Southwest Region
Bonham Pond

Plant List

This list outlines documented species on the refuge. Many species may be on the refuge that have not been documented. We request that you report all sightings of species not on this list to the refuge.

As more species become confirmed on the refuge, the list will be updated.

Family
Scientific Name
Common Name
ACERACEAE Acer saccharinum L silver maple
AIZOACEAE Mollugo verticillata L. green carpet weed
  Sesuvium verrucosum Raf sea purslane
ALISMATACEAE Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. parviflorum
(Pursh) Torr.
water plantain
  Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett, var. Berteroi upright burrhead
AMARANTHACEAE Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. plains field snakecotton
  Amaranthus retroflexus L. rough pigweed
  Amaranthus tamarazoinus Nutt. waterhemp
ANACARDIACEAE Rhus aromatics Alt., var. serotina (Greens) Rehd. aromatic sumac
  Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac
  Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo eastern poison ivy
APOCYNACEAE Apocynum cannabinum L., var. hypericifolium Gray hemp dogbane (Indian hemp)
ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias arenaria Torr. sand milkweed
  Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. fourleaf milkweed
  Asclepias speciosa Torr. showy milkweed
  Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed
  Asclepias verticillata L. whorledmilkweed
BIGNONIACEAE Campsis radicans (L.) Seem common trumpetcreeper
  Catalpa speciosa Warder northern catalpa
BORAGINACEAE Cryptantha minima little cryptantha
  Heliotropium curassavicum L. salt heliotrope
  Lithospermum carolinense (Walt.) MacM., Carolina Gromwell
CACTACEAE Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm., bigroot prickly pear
CAMPAMULACEAE Specularia holzingeri (McVaugh.) Fern. venus lookingglass
CAPPARIDACEAE Cleomella angustifolia Torr. cleomella (stinkweed)
CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus canadensis L., var. canadensis common elderberry
  Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench buckbrush (coralberry)
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene antirrhina L., forma antirrhina sleepy silene
CELASTRACEAE Celastrus scandens L. American bittersweet
CHARACEAE Chara keukensis (Allen) Robinson chara
CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex argentea Nutt. silverscale saltbush
  Chenopodium ambrosioides L., var. ambrosioides wormseed goosefoot
  Chenopodium hybridum L., var. gigantospermum
(Allen) touleau
mapleleaf goosefoot
  Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt., slimleaf goosefoot
  Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult., tumble ringweed
  Kochia scoparia (L.) Cshrad. kochia (Mexican-fireweed)
  Monolepis nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene nuttall monolepus
  Salsola kali L., var. tenuifolia tausch Russian thistle
  Suaeda calseoliformis (Pursh) Wats. pursh seepweed or seablite
COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta L., var. erecta, forma intercursa. Fern erect dayflower
  Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth prairie spiderwart
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITEAE) Achillea lanulosa Nutt., forma lanulcea western yarrow
  Ambrosia psilostachya DC., var. coronopifolia
(T. & G.) Farw.
western ragweed
  Ambrosia trifida L., var. texana Scheele ragweed
  Aphanostephus skirrhobasis Trel. Arkansas dosedaisy
  Artemisia ludoviciana Louisiana sagewart
  Aster subulatus Michx., var. ligulatus Shinners aster
  Baccharis salicina T. & G. willow baccharis
  Bidens bipinnata L. spanish needles
  Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt., var. canescens Gray goldaster
  Cirsium altissium (L.) Spreng. tall thistle
  Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. wavyleaf thistle
  Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., var. glabrata horseweed (mare's tail)
  Coreopsis tinctroria Nutt., tinctoria plains coreopsis
  Erigeron bellidiastrum Nutt., western daisy fleabane
  Erigeron tenuis T. & G. slender leaf fleabane
  Gaillardia pulchella Foug. rosewing gaillardia (firewheel)
  Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) Blake broomweed
  Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rushby broom snakeweed
  Haplopappus ciliatus (Nutt.) DC. goldenweed
  Haplopappus divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray var.
Hookerianus (T. & G.)
slender goldenweed
  Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC. iron plant
  Helianthus annuus L. common sunflower
  Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. maximilian sunflower
  Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. prairie sunflower
  Heterotheca latifolia L. camphorweed
  Liatrus punctata Hool., var. nebraskensis Gaiser dotted gayfeather
  Pluchea purpurascens (SW.) DC. marsh fleabane
  Pyrrhopappus Geiseri Shinners false dandelion
  Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) W.&S., forma
columnifera
upright prairie-coneflower
  Rudbeckia hirta L., var. pulcherrima black-eyed susan
  Senecio riddellii T. & G. riddell groundsel
  Solidago canadensis L., var. gilvocanescens Rydb. Canada goldenrod
  Solidago canadensis L., var. scabra (Muhl.) T. & G. Canada goldenrod
  Solidago missouriensis Nutt., var. fascuculata Holz. Missouri goldenrod
  Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze greenthread
  Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) B. & H. golden crown-beard (cowpen daisy)
  Vernonia baldwinii Torr., var. interior (Small) Schub. inland ironweed (baldwin)
  Xanthium strumarium L. rough cocklebur
CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus arvensis L. field bindweed
  Convolvulus incanus grey bindweed
  Evolvolus Nuttallianus R. & S. nuttall evolvulus
  Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. bush morning-glory
CORNACEAE Cornus drummondii Meyer roughleaf dogwood
BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE) Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. pinnate tansy mustard
  Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. common pepperweed
  Lepidium oblongum Small pepperweed
  Lesquerella auriculata (Engelm. & Gray) Wats. earleaf bladderpod
  Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas, var.
 
  Fernaldiana Britt. & Ables watercress
CUCURBITACEAE Cucurbita foetidissima HBK. buffalo-gourd
  Cyclanthera dissecta (T. & G.) Arn. cut-leaf cyclanthera
  Melothria pendula L. Guadeloupe cucumber
CYPERACEAE Carex brevior Mack. shortbeak sedge
  Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh., var. latifolia (Boeck.) GI sedge
  Carex normalis Mack. sedge
  Cyperus aristatus Rottb. flatsedge
  Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. fern flatsedge
  Cyperus odoratus L. fragrant flatsedge
  Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr., var. sphaericus flatsedge
  Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hock. flatsedge
  Eleocharis engelmanii Steud. engelmann's spikerush
  Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link Vahl's fimbry
  Schoenoplectus americanus American bulrush (chairmaker's bulrush)
  Schoenoplectus paludosus A. Nels. alkali bulrush
  Schoenoplectus validus (tabernaemontani) Muhl., var. creber Fern. softstem bulrush
ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian olive
EQUISETACEAE Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. smooth horsetail
EUPHORBIACEAE Croton glandulosus L., var. septentrionalis Muell. Arg. croton vente conmigo
  Croton texensis (Klotsech) Muell, Arg. Texas croton
  Euphorbia dentata Michx., forma dentata toothed spurge
  Euphorbia hexagona Nutt sixangle spurge
  Euphorbia marginata Pursh snow-on-the-mountain
  Euphorbia missurica Raf. Missouri spurge
  Stillingia sylvatica L. queen's delight
FUMARIACEAE Corydalis curvisiliqua Engelm., var. grandibracteata curvepod fumewort
GENTIANACEAE Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners, forma prairie gentain
GERANIACEAE Geranium carolinianum L. Carolina geranium
POACEAE Aegilops cylindrica-Host., var. rubiginosa Popova jointed goatgrass
  Andropogon gerardi Vitman, var. Gerardi big bluestem
  Andropogon hallii Hack sand bluestem
  Andropogon scoparius Michx little bluestem
  Aristida oligantha Michx. prairie threeawn
  Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn
  Bothriochloa saccharoides SW. silver bluestem
  Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr sideoats grama
  Bouteloua gracilis (Wilid. ex BBK.) lag. ex Griffiths blue grama
  Bouteloua hirsuta Lag., var. pectinate (Featherly) Cory hairy grama
  Bromus catharticus Vahl rescue grama
  Bromus japonicus Thumb. Japanese brome
  Bromus secalinus L. cheat (chess, rye brome)
  Bromus tectorum L. downybrome (cheatgrass)
  Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm, buffalograss
  Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr. big sandreed
  Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. sandbur
  Chloris verticillata Nutt. windmillgrass
  Cynodon dactylon (I.) Pers. bermudagrass
  Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. crabgrass
  Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. bearded spragletop
  Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rudb. Inland saltgrass
  Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. barnyard grass (wild millet)
  Elymus canadensis L. Canada wildrye
  Eragrostis curtipedicillata Bucki. gummy lovegrass
  Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass
  Eragrostis oxylepis (Torr.) Torr., var. Beyrichii
(T.G. Sm.) Shinners
red lovegrass
  Eragrostis poaeoides Beauv. little lovegrass
  Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud purple lovegrass
  Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Nash, var. pilfera
(Scheole) Fern.
sand lovegrass
  Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Nash, var. trichodes sand lovegrass
  Eriochloa contracts Hitche prairie cupgrass
  Vulpia octoflora Walt sixweeks fescue
  Glyceria striata (Lam.) I-Etche fowl mannagrass
  Hordeum jubatum L. foxtail barley
  Hordeum posillum Nutt. little barley
  Leersia oryzoides (I.) Sw. rice cutgrass
  Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase fall witchgrass
  Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicum
  Panicum capillare L., var. capillare common witchgrass
  Panicum capillare L., var. occidentale Rydb. cushion witchgrass
  Panicum lanugionosum Elf., var. fasiculatum
(Torr.) Fern
 
  Panicum obtusum HBK. vine mesquite
  Dichanthelium oligosanthes Schultes, var. (Scribnerianum) (Nash) Fern. Scribner panicum
  Panicum virgatum L. switchgrass
  Pascopyrum smithii Rydb., var. Smithii western wheatgrass
  Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. fringeleaf paspalum
  Paspalum distichum L. knotgrass
  Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Carolina canarygrass
  Poa arachnifera Torr. Texas bluegrass
  Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass
  Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Tral. tumblegrass
  Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. knotroot bristlegrass
  Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.  
  Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail millet
  Setaria viridia (I.) Beauv. green bristlegrass
  Sorghastrum nutans yellow indiangrass
  Sorghum halepense (L.) Pora. johnsongrass
  Spartina pectinate Link, var. Suttiei (Garv.) Fern. prairie cordgrass
  Sphenopholis obtusata (Mchx.) Scribn., var. obtusata prairie wedgescale
  Sporobolus airoides Torr. alkali sacaton
  Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth, var. asper tall dropseed
  Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray sand dropseed
  Sporobolus texanus Vagey Texas dropseed
  Tridens flavus (L.) Hitch. purpletop
  Tripsacum dactyloides L. eastern gammagrass
ILIXCEBRACEAN Paronychia jamesii T. & G. james' nailwort
JUGLANDACEAE Juglans nigra L. black walnut
JUNCACEAE Juncus interior inland rush
  Juncus marginatus Rostk. grassleaf rush
  Juncus torreyi Coville torrey rush
LABIATEAE Hedeoma hispida Pursh rough mock pennyroyal
  Monarda citriodora Cerv. Ex Lagusca lemon beebalm
  Monarda clinopodioides Gray basil beebalm
  Monarda punctata L., var. occidentalis (Epl.) Palm & Steyerm spotted beebalm
  Salvia azurea Lam., var. grandiflora pitcher sage (azure blue s.)
  Teucrium canadense L. Var. canadense American germander
LEGUMINOSEAE Amorpha fruticosa L. indigobush amorpha
  Astragalus gracilis Butrt. loco (slender milkvetch)
  Astragalus lotiflorus Hoak., var lotiflorus lotus milkvetch
  Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br., var. minor (Lehm.) Fem. blue wild indigo
  Cassia fasiciulata Michx. showy partridgepea
  Dalea aurea Nutt. silktop dalea (golden dalea)
  Dalea candida Willd., var. oligophylla (Terr.) Shinners white prairieclover
  Dalea laxiflora Pursh prairieclover
  Dalea villosa (Nutt.) Sprang. silky prairieclover
  Desmanthus illinoensis (Mchx.) MacM. Illinois bundleflower
  Desmodium sessilifolium (Terr.) T.& G. sessile tickflower
  Gleditsia triacanthos L. honeylocust
  Clycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh American licorice
  Indigofera miniata Ortega, var. leptosepala (Nutt.) Turner western indigo
  Melilotus alba Desv. white sweetclover
  Psoralidium digitata Nutt. scurfpea
  Psoralidium tenuiflora pursh slimflower scurfpea
  Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust
  Schrankia uncinata Willd. catclaw sensitivebriar
  Strophostyles leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper smoothseed wildbean
  Vicia villosa Roth. hairy vetch (winter v.)
LIMNACEAE Lemna minor L. common duckweed
LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia vulgaris (macrorhiza) common bladderwort
LILIACEAE Allium perdulce S. V. Fraser wild (plains) onion
  Smilax rotundifolia L. roundleaf greenbriar
  Yucca glauca Nutt., var. glauca small soapweed yucca
LINACEAE Linum rigidum Pursh, var. Berlandieri
(Hook.) T. G.
stiff-stem flax
MALVACEAE Callirhoe involucrata (Nutt. Ex. Torr.) Gray, var.
involucrata
purple pollymallow
  Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav. hibiscus (rosemallow)
MENISPERMACEAE Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC Carolina snailweed
  Menispermum canadense L. common moonseed
MORACEAE Morus alba L. white mulberry
  Morus rubra L. red mulberry
  Maclura pomifera osage orange
NAJADACEAE Najas guadalupesis (Sprerg.) Maghas southern naiad (waternymph)
NYCTAGINACEAE Mirabilis exaltata (Standl.) Standl. four o'clock
  Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimere, var. linearis narrow four o'clock
NYMPHACEAE Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pors. American lotus
OLEACEAE Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., var. subintegerrima (Vahl.) Fern. green ash
ONAGRACEAE Gaura villosa Torr., var. arenicola Munz hairy gaura (beeblossom)
  Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell., var. americans (DC.)
Fem & Grisc.
marsh seedbox
  Oenothera heterophylla Spach., var. rhombipetala
(Nutt.) Fosberg
fourpoint evening primerose
  Oenothera laciniata I-Ell, var. laciniata cutleaf evening primerose
  Oenothera serrulata Nutt. serrate evening primerose
  Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt.) Britt. false gaura
ORBOBANCHACEAE Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt Louisiana broomrape
PAPAVERACEAE Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownb. creasted pricklypoppy
PASSIFLORACEAE Mentzelia stricta (Osterhaut) Stevens ex Jeffs. & Little sand mentzelia (blazingstar)
PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca americana American pokeberry
PINACEAE Juniperus virginiana L. eastern redcedar
PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago purshii R. &S., var. Purshii (patagonica) wooly plantain
  Plantago virginica L. pale-seed (Virginia) plantain
POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum annuum Nutt. annual buckwheat
  Polygonum bicorne Raf. smartweed
  Polygonum coccineum Muhl marsh smartweed
  Polygonum lapathifolium L. curltop smartweed
  Rumex altissimus Wood pale dock
  Rumex crispus L. curly dock
  Rumex obtusifolius L. bitter dock
  Rumex verticillatus L whorled dock
PORTULACACEAE Portulaca oleracea L. common purslane
PRIMULACEAE Androsace occidentalis Pursh western rockjasmine
  Samolus valerandi ssp.parviflorus seaside brookweed
RANUNCULACEAE Anemone caroliniana Walt., forma caroliniana Carolina anemone
  Anemone caroliniana Walt., forma violaceae Clute Carolina anemone
  Delphinium virescens nutt. plains larkspur
  Ranunculus abortivus L. littleleaf buttercup
ROSACEAE Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw plum
  Rosa multiflora Thumb. multiflora rose
RUBIACEAE Cephalanthus occidentalis L., var. occidentalis common buttonbush
  Galium aparine L. catchweed bedstraw (sticky willy)
  Galium circaezans Michx. licorice bedstraw
  Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosb. (diamond flowers) narrowleaf bluets
SALICACEAE Populus deltoides Marsh eastern cottonwood
  Salix interior Rowles, forma interior (exigus) sandbar willow
  Salix nigra Marsh black willow
SAPINDACEAE Cardiospermum halicacabum L. heartseed (love in a puff)
  Sapindus drummondii H. & A. western soapberry
SAPOTACEAE Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. woolybucket bumelia
SAXIFRAGACEAE Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop
SCROPHULARIACEAE Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts
  Linaria carolinianus (I.) Dumont, var., texana
(Scheele) Pennell
toad flax
SOLANACEAE Physalis angulata L., var. pendula (Rydb.) Waterfall cutleaf groundcherry
  Physalis heterophylla Nees., var. heterophylla clamsy groundcherry
  Physalis virginiana Mill., var. virginiana Virginia groundcherry
  Physalis viscosa L., var. cinerascens (Dunal) Waterfall viscid groundcherry
  Solanum americanum Mill. black nightshade
  Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., forma elaeagnifolium silver nightshade
  Solanum rostratum Dunal. buffalobur nightshade
  Solanum torreyi Gray, forma Torreyl torrey nightshade
SPRAGANIACEAE Spraganium eurycarpum Engelm. giant bur-reed
TAMARICACEAE Tamarix gallica L. tamarisk (saltcedar)
TYPHACEAE Typha domingensis southern cattail
  Typha latifolia L., forma latifolia common (broadleaf) cattail
ULMACEAE Celtis occidentalis Pursh common hackberry
  Celtis laevigata var. reticulata Bebb netleaf hackberry
  Ulmus americana L. American elm
  Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm
  Ulmus rubra Muhl. slippery elm
UNBELLIFERAE Ammoselinum popei T. & G. plains sandparsley
  Cicuta maculata L. water hemlock
  Sanicula canadensis L. Canadian black snakeroot
  Spermolepis echinata (Nutt.) Heller bristly scaleseed (buzz fuzz)

Last updated: July 30, 2007

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