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Marsupials - These
are mammals that bear very undeveloped young and carry them in a pouch
on the belly. The only marsupial found on
the refuge is the Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
Insectivores - Small mammals
with short thick fur, tiny eyes and ears, and five clawed toes on their feet.
The following Insectivores are found on the refuge:
| Southeastern Shrew (Sorex longirostris) |
Southern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina
carolinensis) |
| Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) |
Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus) |
| Star-Nosed Mole (Condylura cristata) |
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Bats - The
only mammals that truly fly, these are best seen flying about at dusk, searching
for insects.
| Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lueifugus) |
Silver-Haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) |
| Eastern Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) |
Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) |
| Red Bat (Lasturus borealis) |
Seminole Bat (Lasiurus seminolus) |
| Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) |
Northern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus intermedius) |
| Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis) |
Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat (Plecotus rafinesquii) |
| Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) |
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Rodents - Gnawing
mammals with two pairs of incisor teeth. Very common, but some species are
seldom seen and are difficult to identify unless in hand. Rodents that are
found on the refuge are listed below:
| Marsh Rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris) |
Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) |
| Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) |
Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) |
| Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) |
Beaver (Castor canadensis) |
| Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris) |
Eastern Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis) |
| Oldfield Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) |
Cotton Mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) |
| Golden Mouse (IOchrotomys nuttalli) |
Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) |
| Eastern Woodrat (Neotoma floridana) |
Woodland or Pine Vole (Microtus pinetorus) |
| Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) |
Black Rat (Rattus rattus) |
| Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
House Mouse (mus musculus) |
Carnivores - Predators
that live mainly on freshly killed prey, although some are omnivorous and
eat a lot of vegetative material. The following carnivores are found on the
refuge:
| Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) |
Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) |
| Raccoon (Procyon lotor) |
Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata) |
| Mink (Mustela vison) |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) |
| River Otter (Lutra canadensis) |
Bobcat (Felis rufus) |
Hoofed Mammals - The
only hoofed mammal at Santee is the White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
This mammal is easily identified by its long slender legs and "white-flag" tail.
Common, but difficult to observe, White-Tailed Deer are tan or reddish-brown
above in summer and grayish brown in winter with white below. Bucks have
antlers which they shed yearly and fawns are reddish colored with white spots.
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