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<td width="10%"><font color="#993300"><b>Date</b></font></td>
<td><font color="#993300"><b>Event</b></font></td>
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<td width="10%"><font color="#663300" size="4"><b>Era:</b></font></td>
<td><font color="#663300" size="4"><b>"Creation of the Fish and Wildlife Service"</b></font></td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1940</b></td>
<td valign="top">The Fish and Wildlife Service is created by combining the Bureaus of Biological Survey and Fisheries.<i></i></td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1940</b></td>
<td valign="top">Ira N. Gabrielson is appointed the first Director, Fish and Wildlife Service</td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1940</b></td>
<td valign="top">Under Executive Order 2416, 193 reservations undergo a name change, becoming "refuges" where it is "unlawful to hunt, trap, capture, willfully disturb, or kill any bird or wild animal . . . or to enter thereon for any purpose, except as permitted by law of by rules and regulations of the Secretary of the Interior."</td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1942</b></td>
<td valign="top">The first "Refuge Manual" is published, providing national policies and guidelines for managing national wildlife refuges.</td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1946</b></td>
<td valign="top">Clarence Cottam publishes the results of research performed at the Patuxent National Wildlife Research Refuge in Maryland, examining the effects of pesticides on wildlife. </td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1947</b></td>
<td valign="top">The Fish and Wildlife Service adopts the 4 flyways concept to regulate waterfowl hunting. This decision is based on 20 years of research on migratory birds by Fred Lincoln and other Bureau of Biological Survey employees.</td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1947</b></td>
<td valign="top">The Fish and Wildlife Service begins publishing the Conservation In Action Series. Rachel Carson serves as the series' chief editor and author for a number of articles aimed at stimulating public intrest in national wildlife refuges.</td>
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<td width="10%" valign="top"><b>1949</b></td>
<td valign="top">The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act is amended, increasing the stamp fee from $1 to $2 while also allowing up to 25% of "inviolate sanctuary" refuges to be designated as "wildlife management areas" upon which public waterfowl hunting is allowed.</td>
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<a href="http://www.fws.gov/">U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service</a> | <a href="http://refuges.fws.gov/>National Wildlife Refuge System</a> </font></p>
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Last Updated 12/8/99</font></td>
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