Date	Event
Era:	"Creation of the Fish and Wildlife Service"
1940	The Fish and Wildlife Service is created by combining the Bureaus of Biological Survey and Fisheries.
1940	Ira N. Gabrielson is appointed the first Director, Fish and Wildlife Service
1940	Under Executive Order 2416, 193 reservations undergo a name change, becoming "refuges" where it is "unlawful to hunt, trap, capture, willfully disturb, or kill any bird or wild animal . . . or to enter thereon for any purpose, except as permitted by law of by rules and regulations of the Secretary of the Interior."
1942	The first "Refuge Manual" is published, providing national policies and guidelines for managing national wildlife refuges.
1946	Clarence Cottam publishes the results of research performed at the Patuxent National Wildlife Research Refuge in Maryland, examining the effects of pesticides on wildlife.
1947	The Fish and Wildlife Service adopts the 4 flyways concept to regulate waterfowl hunting. This decision is based on 20 years of research on migratory birds by Fred Lincoln and other Bureau of Biological Survey employees.
1947	The Fish and Wildlife Service begins publishing the Conservation In Action Series.  Rachel Carson serves as the series' chief editor and author for a number of articles aimed at stimulating public intrest in national wildlife refuges.
1949	The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act is amended, increasing the stamp fee from $1 to $2 while also allowing up to 25% of "inviolate sanctuary" refuges to be designated as "wildlife management areas" upon which public waterfowl hunting is allowed.

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