Photo: Julian Thomas
Photo: Julian Thomas
Swamps are wetlands dominated by woody plants. They tend to have fairly deep water and minimal growth of emergent plants (a plant that is rooted in shallow water and the top portion of the plant is above water). Swamps have a high water table and occur near rivers, streams, and lakes. During the year they have dry and wet periods. The soils are saturated (or soaked) with water during the growing season and are covered with standing water during various times of the year. The soil is thick, black, and nutrient-rich providing an environment for water tolerant trees such as red maple or black ash. The two main types of swamps are forested swamps and shrub swamps, which indicate the type of vegetation present. Swamps may also have fresh or salt water.