Endangered and Threatened Species Hawaiian Species | Pacific Species | Critical Habitat Updates | Recovery Plans The Endangered Species Program conserves endangered and threatened species and the ecosystems upon which they depend. Conserving endangered and threatened species is necessary to preserve our natural heritage for future generations and to maintain our quality of life. Safeguarding ecosystems benefit all users of ecosystem resources and is essential to maintaining our nation's long term economic prosperity. A species can be listed under one of two categories, endangered or threatened, depending on its status and the degree of threat it faces. Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of becoming extinct and need protection to survive. Threatened species are those that are declining in numbers and might become endangered if conservation efforts are not immediately taken. As you browse through the endangered species section, you will learn that island ecosystems are very fragile and that island species depend on one another for survival. It will also become apparent that the major causes for the decline of some species are due to urban development, which takes over the limited habitat of native plants and animals, and the introduction of alien species, which compete for food and habitat and sometimes become predators of native species. Hawaiian Endangered Species Unfortunately, Hawai‘i has the highest number of listed threatened and endangered species in the nation. There are 394 threatened and endangered species in the State of Hawai‘i, of which 294 are plants. Hawaiian Animals Hawaiian Plants Hawaiian Islands Animals (listed species as of 2008) Hawaiian Islands Plants (listed species as of 2008) National website: Hawaiian Animal and Plant Species List Hawai‘i has 394 threatened and endangered plant and animal species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Of these 394 species, 294 are plants, 57 invertebrates and 43 vertebrates. Birds, snails, and Hawaiian picture-wing flies are among the threatened and endangered species. Pacific Islands Endangered Species Like the plants and animals in Hawai‘i, the Pacific islands species are equally fragile and rare. The introduction of alien species and diseases to these islands has had a devastating effect on the native plants and animals and has led to the elimination of nine of the 12 bird species that made up the entire native forest birds of Guam. Pacific Islands Plants Pacific Islands Animals Pacific Islands Plants and Animals (listed, proposed or candidate species) Pacific Islands Plants and Animals (abbreviated list) National website: American Samoa Animal Species Listing Guam Animal and Plant Species Listing Northern Mariana Islands Animal and Plant Species Listing There are 12 animals and one plant listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act for Guam; 12 animals and one plant for Northern Mariana Islands; and four animals for American Samoa. Critical Habitat Updates/Listed Species Updates Please Note: The final version of the economic analysis consists of the draft economic analysis plus the addendum. Island of Hawaii | Kauai and Niihau | Maui and Kahoolawe | Molokai and Lanai | Oahu Northwestern Hawaiian Islands | Multi-Islands | Guam and Northern Marianas Island of Hawaii Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Hawai‘i Addendum to Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Hawai‘i Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat for the Newcomb's Snail Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Island of Hawai‘i published in the Federal Register on July 2, 2003 Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for the Island of Hawaii Kauai and Niihau Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Islands of Kaua‘i and Niihau Addendum to the Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Islands of Kauai‘ and Ni‘ihau Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Islands of Kauai and Niihau published in the Federal Register on February 27, 2003 Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for Kauai and Niihau Final Rule for the Newcomb's Snail published in the Federal Register on August 20, 2002 Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for Kauai Cave Wolf Spider and Kauai Cave Amphipod published in the Federal Register on March 27, 2002 Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Kaua‘i Cave Wolf Spider and Kaua‘i Cave Amphipod Addendum to the Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Kaua‘i Cave Wolf Spider and Kaua‘i Cave Amphipod Final Rule for Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Kauai Cave Wolf Spider and Kauai Cave Amphipod published in the Federal Register on April 9, 2003 Fact Sheet for Kauai Cave Wolf Spider and Kauai Cave Amphipod Maui and Kahoolawe Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Maui Addendum to the Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Maui Supplemental to the Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Maui Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Islands of Maui and Kahoolawe published in the Federal Register on May 14, 2003 Map of Maui and Kahoolawe Showing Critical Habitat Designations Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for Maui and Kahoolawe Molokai and Lanai   Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Molokai Addendum to the Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Molokai Supplemental Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Molokai Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Island of Molokai published in the Federal Register on March 18, 2003 Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for Molokai Proposed rule; request for public comments for Phyllostegia hispida published in the Federal Register on February 19, 2008 Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Lanai Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Island of Lanai published in the Federal Register on January 9, 2003 Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for Lanai Oahu Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Oahu Addendum to the Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Threatened and Endangered Plants on the Island of Oahu Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Island of Oahu published in the Federal Register on June 17, 2003 Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for Oahu Final Rule for Critical Habitat for the Oahu Elepaio published in the Federal Register on December 10, 2001 Fact Sheet for the Oahu Elepaio Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Final Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations for Plant Species from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, published in the Federal Register on May 22, 2003 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Black-Footed Albatross as Threatened or Endangered published in the Federal Register on October 9, 2007 Multi-Islands Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designation for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth Addendum to the Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designation for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth, published in the Federal Register on June 10, 2003 Maps Showing Critical Habitat Designations for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth Final Rule for Listing Hawaii Picture-wing Flies, published in the Federal Register on May 9, 2006 Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for 11 Species of Picture-Wing Flies published in the Federal Register on August 15, 2006 Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designation for 11 species of Hawaiian Picture-wing flies. Revised Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for 12 Species of Picture-Wing Flies published in the Federal Register on November 28, 2007 Picture-Wing Flies notice of reopening of public comments period and notice of public hearings published in the Federal Register on March 6, 2008 Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands published in the Federal Register on October 15, 2002 Federal Register Notice of Availability of Draft Economic Analysis of Critical Habitat Designations for Guam and Rota, published December 5, 2002 Draft Economic Analysis of Proposed Critical Habitat Designations on Guam and Rota Fact Sheet for Critical Habitat for Six Species of Mariana Island Birds and Bats Fish and Wildlife Service Seeks Public Comment on GovGuam Critical Habitat Alternative Proposal Final Rule for Critical Habitat Designation on Guam and Rota published in the Federal Register on October 28, 2004 Post-Delisting Monitoring Plan for the Tinian Monarch May 2005 Final Rule for the Mariana Fruit Bat published in the Federal Register on January 6, 2005 Final Economic Analysis of Critical Habitat Designations for the Rota Bridled White-eye Designation of Critical Habitat for Rota Bridled White-eye Final Rule published in the Federal Register on September 12, 2006 Recovery Plans Final Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds Final Recovery Plan for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth Draft Recovery Plan for Alala Draft Recovery Plan for Sihek Final Recovery Plan for Newcomb's Snail Draft Recovery Plan for Laysan Duck Draft Revised Recovery Plan for Nene Final Recovery Plan for the Kauai Cave Arthropods Draft Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Waterbirds Draft Recovery Plan for the Mariana Crow Final Recovery Plan for the Rota Bridled White-eye Draft Recovery Plan for Two Plants from Rota For more information: Gina Shultz U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Office 300 Ala Moana Boulevard Room 3-122, Box 50088 Honolulu, HI 96850 (808) 792-9400 (808) 792-9580 fax Gone but not Forgotten Threatened and Endangered Species System Top