The major vehicle for driving on-the-ground actions of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (Plan) is the joint ventures.  Joint ventures are based on a cooperative approach to conservation by forming broad partnerships to accomplish collectively what is often difficult or impossible to do individually. They consist of individuals, corporations, conservation organizations, and local, state, provincial, and federal agencies. There are currently 14 habitat joint ventures in the United States. One of the habitat joint ventures has international status (Canada & United States). Partners from Canada and the United States also support two species joint ventures. A third international species joint venture was recently formed to conserve sea ducks.  Habitat joint venture actions include protection, restoration, and enhancement of wetland and associated upland habitats. Protection strategies include habitat acquisition, conservation easements, leases, and management agreements with private landowners. Restoration activities can be seen along North America's coastal salt marshes and emergent wetlands and in the intermountain west region.  Habitat enhancement activities include rest/rotational grazing practices, seasonal flooding of active crop lands, and construction of nesting islands and structures for waterfowl and song-birds. The species joint ventures address monitoring and research needs of black ducks and Arctic nesting geese.

• National Joint Ventures Directory

• Central Valley Habitat Joint Venture

• Intermountain West Joint Venture

• Pacific Coast Joint Venture

• Riparian Habitat Joint Venture

• San Francisco Bay Joint Venture

• Seaduck Joint Venture