References

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Donald, D.B. and D.J. Alger. 1993. Geographic distribution, species displacement, and niche overlap for lake trout and bull trout in mountain lakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:238-247.

Dunham, J.B. and B.E. Rieman. 1998. Metapopulation structure of bull trout: influences of physical, biotic, and geometrical landscape characteristics. Ecological Applications 9(2):642-655

Dunham, J., B. Rieman, and K. Davis. 2000. Sources and magnitude of sampling error in redd counts for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21:343-352.

Fredenberg, W. 2002. Further evidence that lake trout displace bull trout in mountain lakes. Intermountain Journal of Sciences 8 (3): 143-152.

Fredenberg, W., J. Chan and 18 contributing authors.  February, 2005.  Bull Trout Core Area Templates.  An unpublished compilation of bull trout core area analysis to support the five-year review.  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  Portland, OR.  662 pages.

Lehmkuhl, J.F., Marcot, B.G. and T. Quinn.  2001.  Characterizing species at risk.  In: D.H. Johnson and T.A. O’Neill (Eds.), Wildlife Habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington.  Oregon State University Press.  Corvallis, OR, pp. 474-500.

Master, L.L., L.E. Morse, A.S. Weakley, G.A. Hammerson and D. Faber-Langendoen.  2003.  NatureServe Conservation Status Assessment Criteria.  Nature Serve, Arlington, VA, USA.

Maxell, B.A. 1999. A power analysis on the monitoring of bull trout stocks using redd counts. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 19:860-866.

Montana Bull Trout Scientific Group.  1998.  The relationship of land management activities and habitat requirements of bull trout.  Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena.

MNHP.  Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 2004.  Montana Animal Species of Concern. 

MNHP.  Montana Natural Heritage Program. 2005.  State Rank Criteria for Montana Animal Species of Concern. 

Pringle, C. 2003. What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologically important? Hydrol. Process. 17, 2685-2689.

Quigley, T.M. and S.J. Arbelbide, tech. eds.  1997.  An assessment of ecosystem components in the interior Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins: volume III.  General Technical Report PNW- GTR-405.  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

Rieman, B.E. and F.W. Allendorf. 2001. Effective population size and genetic conservation criteria for bull trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21:756-764.

Rieman, B. and J.D. McIntyre.  1993.  Demographic and habitat requirements for conservation of bull trout.  USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station General Technical Report INT-302.  Boise, Idaho.

Rieman, B.E. and J.D. McIntyre. 1995. Occurrence of bull trout in naturally fragmented habitat patches of varied size. Transactions American Fisheries Society 124(3):285-296.

Rieman, B.E., D.C. Lee, and R.F. Thurow. 1997. Distribution, status, and likely future trends of bull trout within the Columbia River and Klamath Basins. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:1111-1125.

Spruell, P., J.J. Huie, M. Spade, and F.W. Allendorf. 2002. Genetic analysis of bull trout in Glacier National Park. Report 02/102 to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Wild Trout and Salmon Genetics Lab, University of Montana, Missoula.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. Determination of threatened status for bull trout in the conterminous United States, final rule. FR 64, 58909-58933.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000.  USFWS Matrix: A framework to assist in making Endangered Species Act determinations of effect for individual or grouped actions at the bull trout subpopulation watershed scale.  Appendix 9 of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, Boise, Idaho.  March, 2000.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  2002.  Draft Recovery Plan for the Klamath River and Columbia River Distinct Population Segments of Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus).  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  2004a.  Draft Recovery Plan for the Coastal-Puget Sound Distinct Population Segment of Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus).  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  2004b.  Draft Recovery Plan for the Jarbidge Distinct Population Segment of Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus).  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  2005.  Bull Trout Core Area Conservation Status Assessment. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon. Click here for Conservation Status Assessment Maps

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  2008.  Bull Trout Recovery: Monitoring and Evaluation Guidance. Report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by the Bull Trout Recovery and Monitoring Technical Group (RMEG). Portland, Oregon. 74 pp.

Whitesel, T.A. and 7 coauthors. 2004. Bull trout recovery planning: A review of the science associated with population structure and size. Science Team Report #2004-01, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1, Portland, Oregon.