Piping Plover Atlantic Coast Population Recovery Plan: Appendix B

Recovery Plan: Appendix B

Current and Potential Breeding Site Information

This table provides site-specific information about current plover use of U.S. Atlantic Coast breeding sites, estimated site capacity, rare species co-occurring on these sites, and site ownership.

The term "site" merits some discussion in this context. In some portions of the piping plover's range, breeding sites are naturally discrete and their limits are easily defined. In other areas, habitat is more continuous, and current use by piping plovers may be highly dispersed. In still other areas, once continuous stretches of habitat have been subdivided by shoreline stabilization structures, creating two or more smaller sites where larger ones once existed. Some sites have several landowners; in other cases, a single landownership contains several piping plover nesting sites. Some states define their sites in terms of the nearest access point (as a means of communicating the location of nesting concentrations), thereby subdividing some continuous stretches of habitat. One state defines an island to be a site, while another considers the clusters of breeding pairs at each end of a barrier island to be separate sites. A site, therefore, is an ambiguous concept, often artificially imposed on habitat areas. This limits the usefulness of current or potential numbers of breeding pairs in an area as a means of evaluating the importance of a site to the conservation of this species.

Capacity estimates (column 4) represent a conservative appraisal of carrying capacity in 1993. As noted on pages , these estimates were developed for the purpose of facilitating the population viability analysis, Appendix E. However, this recovery plan is premised on the recognition that piping plover habitat is inherently dynamic, and that the carrying capacity of individual sites is subject to change over time. These carrying capacity estimates, which reflect habitat conditions and piping plover breeding densities observed in 1993, should not be interpreted as site-specific management goals. Any use of carrying capacity projections for local management purposes or as a measure of management effectiveness must be based on current habitat conditions and updated as those conditions change over time. For example, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife reviewed and revised its estimates of carrying capacity in 1995, as an important component of the conservation planning strategy for their application for incidental take under Section 10 of the ESA (see Appendix H).

The depth of available information about piping plover breeding activities varies among states and, in some cases, within states. Virginia biologists noted that due to the highly dynamic character of their unstabilized barrier islands, habitat suitability and carrying capacity of individual islands is especially subject to fluctuations over time. However, they expressed confidence that overall carrying capacity within Virginia can be maintained if natural coastal formation processes remain unimpeded. Biologists in New York and North Carolina have expressed particular concern about the accuracy of their site capacity estimates and caution that new information may warrant revised projections. As in Virginia, North Carolina biologists cautioned that suitability of individual sites fluctuates over very short time frames.

KEY TO "OTHER RARE SPECIES" AND "OWNER" COLUMNS

Other Rare Species Co-Occurring on Sites:

AO American oystercatcher

AP Amaranthus pumilus

AT Arctic tern

BP brown pelican

BS black skimmer

Cdd Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis

Cdm Cicindela dorsalis media

CT common tern

GBT gull-billed tern

LT least tern

LOG loggerhead turtle

PF peregrine falcon (breeding)

WP Wilson's plover

^F Federally-listed species

^H historic occurrence

^S State-listed species

Owner:

P Private (except TNC and TTOR)

S State

TNC The Nature Conservancy

TTOR The Trustees of Reservations

NPS National Park Service

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Corps U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

USCG U.S. Coast Guard

NES National Estuarine Sanctuary

FWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

C County

M Municipal

U Unknown

NOTE: In all states except Maine, Massachusetts, and some parts of Virginia, the State holds title to the intertidal zone. To save space on this table, state ownership of this area has not been shown for each site. However, the intertidal zone is an extremely important component of piping plover habitat.

U.S. ATLANTIC COAST PIPING PLOVER BREEDING SITE INFORMATION

SITE
1993 NESTING PAIRS 1993 PRODUCTIVITY (Chicks/Pair) ESTIMATED CAPACITY (Pairs) MIGRATORY PLOVER USE OTHER RARE SPECIES OWNER

SOUTH CAROLINA

Waites Island (SC-1)
1
U
2
spring, fall, winter use
WP,LT,AO
State/university

NORTH CAROLINA

Bodie Island (So. end) (NC-1)
0
-
2
frequent use; winter use also
WP, LT, AO
NPS

Cape Hatteras Point (NC-2)
5 to 6
0.66
12
fall migration
GBT^S, WP, BS^S, AT, AP^F, CT, LT, Sooty tern, AO, LOG^F
NPS

Currituck Outer Banks (NC-3)
2
0.5
10
spring and fall migration
AP^F, LT
FWS/P

Figure 8 Island (NC-4)
0
-
2
migratory and winter use (increasing)
AP^F, LOG^F, AO, LT, CT, BS
P

Hatteras Inlet (No. side) (NC-5)
3
0.66
8
frequent use
AP^F, BS^S, CT, LT, AO, WP, GBT^S
NPS

Holden Beach/Shallote Inlet (NC-6)
4
1.0
6
winter use
AP^F, LOG^F, AO, willet, Sesuvium portulacastrum
P

Long Beach/Lockwood Folly's Inlet (NC-7)
0
-
1
winter use
AP^F, LOG^F, AO, WP, willet
P

North Core Banks (NC-8)
28
0.68
51
significant numbers; winter use also
AP^F, LT, LOG^F, GBT^S, BS^S, CT, WP, AO
NPS

Ocracoke Island (No. and So. ends) (NC-9)
3
0.33
8
low numbers
AP^F, LT, LOG^F, AO, CT
NPS

Pea Island NWR (NC-10)
0
-
1

LOG^F, LT, CT, AO, BS^S, GBT^S
FWS

Rachel Carson's Estuary/
Bird Shoals (NC-11)
0
-
1
migratory and winter use
WP, LT, AO, BS^S, CT, GBT^S, willet
NES

Shackleford Banks (NC-12)
0
-
3
some winter use
GBT^S, WP, CT, BS^S, LT, AO, willet
NPS

South Core Banks (NC-13)
7
1.0
16
significant use
AP^F, GBT^S, BS^S, LOG^F, CT, LT, WP, AO
NPS

Sunset Beach (NC-14)
0
-
1

LT, CT, BS^S, AP^F, LOG^F
P

Topsail Beach (NC-15)
1
U
1

AP^F, LOG^F, LT, CT, BS^S, AO, WP, LOG^F, willet
P

VIRGINIA

Assateague/Tom's Cove Hook (VA-1)
17
1.24
35

Cdm, LT^S, WP^S, AO
FWS

Assateague/Wash Flats (VA-2)
0
0
10

PF^F, LT^S
FWS

Assateague/Wild Beach (VA-3)
10
0.8
25

Cdm, AO, LT^S
FWS

Assawoman Island (VA-4)
10
2.0
20

WP^S, LT^S, Cdm, AO, CT, GBT^S, BS
FWS

Cedar Island (VA-5)
12
U
20

WP^S, LT^S, CT, Cdm, AO, BS
FWS/P/TNC

Cedar Sandbar (VA-6)
0
-
5

LT^S, CT, GBT^S, BS, AO, Cdm
FWS/P

Cobb Island (VA-7)
4
U
10

WP^S, PF^F, LT^S, CT, AO, heronry, BS, GBT^S
TNC

Craney Island (VA-8)
5
1.4
15

WP^S, LT^S, Am. avocet,

black-necked stilt, short-eared owl
Corps

Fisherman Island (VA-9)
0
-
10

PF^F, Cdm, AO, heronry, royal tern, sandwich tern
FWS/P

Grandview Beach (VA-10)
0
-
15

AO, LT^S, Cdm
M

Hog Island (VA-11)
1
U
5

PF^F, CT, LT^S, AO, heronry, Cdm, GBT^S, BS
TNC

Metompkin Island, North (VA-12)
28
1.75 (4 pairs)
50

WP^S, PF^F, CT, LT^S, GBT^S, BS, AO, Cdm
FWS/TNC

Metompkin Island, South (VA-13)
0
-
10

AO, BS, CT, Cdm, GBT^S
TNC

Myrtle Island (VA-14)
9
U
20

Cdm, AO, WP^S, CT, GBT^S
TNC

New Island (VA-15)
0
_
5

AO, CT, BS, Cdm
S

Parramore Island (VA-16)
0
-
5

PF^F, Cdm, AO
TNC/USCG

Ship Shoal (VA-17)
1
U
5

WP^S, Cdm
TNC

Smith Island (VA-18)
4
U
10

WP^S, AO, Cdm
TNC/P

Wallops Island (VA-19)
3
1.33
10

PF^F, WP^S, LT^S, AO
NASA

Wreck Island (VA-20)
2
U
5

WP^S, AO, GBT^S, CT, BS, heronry
S

MARYLAND

Assateague Island National Seashore

(MD-1)
19
1.7
45
fall migration stopover
Cdm^S, AP^FH, CT, LT, WP^S, AO, Susuvium maritima^S, roseate tern^FH, Cicindela lepida, major migratory shorebird stopover (esp. in fall)
NPS/S

DELAWARE

Beach Plum Island Nature Preserve (DE-1)
0
-
2 to 3

LT, CT^H, GBT^H, Cicindela marginata, Cicindela hirticollis
S

Cape Henlopen State Park (DE-2)
2

.25
6 to 8

LT, roseate tern^FH, Cicindela lepida, CT, Forster's tern^H, BS^H, PF^F, major migratory shorebird stopover
S

Delaware Seashore State Park (DE-3)
1 pair seen through mid-May
0
8

AP^HF, LT, AO, BS^H, CT^H, royal tern^H
S

Fenwick Island State Park (DE-4)
0
-
1 to 2

LT, AO
S

NEW JERSEY

Avalon Complex - Avalon Dunes and Avalon North (NJ-1)
8
0.25
14

LT^S, Cdm^H
M

Avalon Complex - Townsend's Inlet (NJ-2)
1
1.00
5
fall migration
LT^S, Cdm^H
M

Barnegat Light (NJ-3)
12
0.67
15
spring, post-breeding, fall
LT^S, BS^S, CT, AO,
Cdd^FH
M

Brigantine Beach, South (NJ-4)
8
.38
20
spring
LT^S, Cdm^H
M

Brigantine Inlet - Brigantine Inlet (NJ-5)
0
-
6
especially in spring
Cdm^H
S

Brigantine Inlet - Little Beach (NJ-6)
19
1.1
>25
probably
Cdm, LT^S
FWS

Champagne Island (Hereford Inlet) (NJ-7)
0
-
3
fall migration
LT^S, BS^S, CT, AO, Cdm^H
U

Coast Guard North (Two Mile Beach)

(NJ-8)
0
-
5
occasional spring
LT^S
USCG

Coast Guard South (NJ-9)
6
0.67
8

LT^S
USCG/P/M

Holgate (NJ-10)
14
.36
25
large numbers post-breeding on So. end
Cdd^HF, BP, LT^S, BS^S
FWS

Island Beach State Park (NJ-11)
0
-
14
fairly high numbers in spring
LT^S, Cdd^FH
S

Mantoloking Beach (NJ-12)
4
1.5
8

Cdd^FH
P/M

North Wildwood (NJ-13)
5
0
8

LT^S, Cdm^H
M

Ocean City Complex - Longport (NJ-14)
0
-
4
used in spring;

fall use possible

P

Ocean City Complex - Waverly Beach (NJ-15)
1
0
5
post-breeding use
LT^S
M

Sandy Hook - Coast Guard Beach (NJ-16)
6
2.00
8
possible spring use

LT^S, Cdd^F (reintroduction experiment conducted in
1994 and 1995)
USCG

Sandy Hook - Critical Zone (NJ-17)
5
0.6
5
NPS

Sandy Hook - Gunnison Beach (NJ-18)
5
2.5
20
NPS

Sandy Hook - North Beach (NJ-19)
9
2.2
25
NPS

Sea Isle City Complex - Corson's

Inlet (NJ-20)
5
1.2
10
spring, post-breeding, fall
LT^S, BS^S, AO, Cdm^H
S

Sea Isle City Complex - Sea Isle City

(NJ-21)
6
1.0
12

M

Sea Isle City Complex - Strathmere (NJ-22)
6
.33
12
spring, post-breeding, fall
LT^S, BS^S, AO, Cdm^H
M

Sea Isle City Complex - Whale Beach

(NJ-23)
4
1.00
14
post-breeding and fall
LT^S
M

South Cape May Meadows (NJ-24)
3
1.33
6
post-breeding
LT^S, CT, BS^S
TNC

NEW YORK

Accabonac Harbor (NY-1)
4⁽¹⁾

6
probable
LT^S
M

Alder Island (NY-2)
1¹

U
U
AO
M

Breezy Point to Far Rockaway (NY-3)
22¹
NPS: 1.53 (15 pairs)

private: 0.77 (13 pairs)
>45
post-breeding concentrations at Breezy Point in 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993
NPS: LT^S, roseate tern^F, CT^S, AP^F, BS^S

private beach: LT^S
NPS/P/M

Cedar Beach Point (NY-4)
0¹

2
U
LT^S, osprey^S
M

Cedar Point (NY-5)
4¹

8
probable
LT^S
C

Conkling Point (NY-6)
2¹

2 to 3
U
LT^S, CT^S
P

Corey Creek Mouth (NY-7)
0¹
0 (1 pair)
2
U
LT^S, osprey^S
P

Crab Creek/Shell Beach (NY-8)
4¹

11
probable
LT^S
M/P

Crab Meadow Beach (NY-9)
1¹

3
U
LT^S
M/P

Cutchogue Harbor (NY-10)
1¹
1.0
4
U
LT^S, osprey^S
TNC/P

Eatons Neck Point (NY-11)
0¹

6
probable
LT^S, CT^S, BS^S
P/USCG

Fire Island (NY-12)
11¹
1.62 (8 pairs)
45
yes
LT^S, AP^F, Cdd^FH, Polygonum glaucum
NPS/S/C/P/M

Fishers Island (NY-13)
1¹

U
U
LT^S,AO
P

Flax Pond Beach (NY-14)
0¹

2
U
LT^S
M/P/S

Fresh Pond Landing (NY-15)
1¹
0
2
U
LT^S, osprey^S
S

Goldsmith Inlet (NY-16)
0¹

>1
U
LT^S
C

Goose Creek Flanders Bay (NY-17)
0¹

1
U
LT^S, CT^S
C

Gull Pond West (NY-18)
0¹

2
U
LT^S
M/P

Hicks Island/Goff Point (NY-19)
2¹

>4
yes
roseate tern^F, LT^S, CT^S, BS^S, AO
S

Jessup Neck (NY-20)
1¹
1.0
3
yes
LT^S, post-breeding roseate terns^F
FWS/C

Jockey Creek Spoil Island (NY-21)
0¹

U
U
CT^S, LT^S
P

Jones Island (NY-22)
39¹
1.30 (47 pairs)
50 to 60
yes
roseate tern^F, LT^S, CT, AP^F, Cdd^FH, BS^S, Polygonum glaucum
S/M/P

Lionhead Beach (NY-23)
1¹

3
U
LT^S
P/M

Lloyd Neck East Beach (NY-24)
0¹

U
U
LT^S, CT^S
FWS

Lloyd Point (NY-25)
1¹

4
probable
LT^S, CT^S
S/P

Long Beach Island (NY-26)
19¹

> 21
yes
LT^S, Cdd^FH
M/C/P

Long Beach Peninsula (NY-27)
0¹

4
U
LT^S
M/P

Long Beach Sag Harbor (NY-28)
0¹

4
U
LT^S
M

Majors Point to Gibsons Beach (NY-29)
3¹

6 to 8
yes
LT^S, osprey^S, Polygonum glaucum
TNC

Marratooka Point to Kimogener Point

(NY-30)
0¹

2
U
LT^S, osprey^S
P

Mattituck Inlet (NY-31)
0¹

2
U
osprey^S, LT^S, CT^S
M/P

Miamogue Point/Jamesport Town Beach

(NY-32)
2¹
0
3
U
LT^S
M

Middle Pond Inlet (NY-33)HTML> 1¹
0
2
yes
LT^S
M/P

Mount Misery Point (NY-34)
0¹

5
U
roseate tern^F, LT^S, CT^S
C

Old Field Beach (NY-35)
0¹

4
U
LT^S, CT^S
M/C

Orient Beach (NY-36)
5¹
1.9 (7 pairs)
12
yes
LT^S, osprey^S, Polygonum glaucum
S

Oyster Pond (NY-37)
2¹

U
U

S

Pine Neck (NY-38)
2¹

4
U
LT^S
M

Plum Point (NY-39)
0¹

U
U
LT^S
P

Port of Eygpt (NY-40)
3¹

3
U
LT^S, CT^S, BS^S, roseate tern^F
P

Red Cedar Point/Red Creek Pond (NY-41)
1¹

6
probable
LT^S, CT^S
P/U

Richmond Creek (NY-42)
0¹

2
U
LT^S
P

Robins Island (NY-43)
0¹

2
U
LT^S, osprey^S
P

Sammys Beach Peninsula (NY-44)
1¹

5
probable
LT^S, CT^S, roseate tern^F, BS^S, AO
M

Sand City (NY-45)
2¹

>5
probable
LT^S, CT^S, BS^S
M

Sebonac Creek (NY-46)
3¹

4
probable
LT^S
P

Sebonac Neck (NY-47)
3¹
3.5 (2 pairs)
4
probable
LT^S
M/P

Short Beach (NY-48)
3¹

4
U
LT^S
M

Southhampton Beach to Fairfield Pond Lane Beach (NY-49)
4¹

20 to 30
probable
LT^S, AP^F, Cdd^FH
C/P/M

Towd Neck/Wooley Pond (NY-50)
0¹

6
U
LT^S
P/M

Upper Beach/Lower Beach (NY-51)
1¹

5
U
LT^S, Polygonum glaucum
M/C

Youngs Island (NY-52)
0¹

2
U
LT^S, CT^S
M

Wainscott Pond to Montauk Beach (NY-53)
6¹

15 to 20
probable
LT^S, Cdd^FH
S/M

West Meadow Beach (NY-54)
0¹

3
U

M/P

Westhampton Island (NY-55)
36¹
0.76 (29 pairs)
50 to 60
yes
LT^S, AP^F, BS^S, CT^S, AO, Cdd^FH, Polygonum glaucum
M/C/P

CONNECTICUT

Goshen Cove (CT-1)
1
2.0
3

S/P

Griswold Point (CT-2)
7
.29
10

LT^S, Cdd^FH
TNC/M/P

Hammonasset Beach (CT-3)
1
0
7

LT^S, AO^S
S/P

Housatonic River Complex - Milford Point

(CT-4)
3
.66
8 to 10

LT^S
S/FWS

Housatonic River Complex - Short Beach (CT-5)
1
0
5

LT^S
M

Lewis Gut Complex - Pleasure Beach (CT-6)
1
0
10 to 15

LT^S
M

Lewis Gut Complex - Long Beach (CT-7)
6
.5
15

LT^S
M

Sandy Point (CT-8)
3
0
15

LT^S
M

RHODE ISLAND

Block Island (RI-1)
0
-
U

FWS/U

Briggs Beach (RI-2)
4
0
7
limited

P

East Matunuck State Beach (RI-3)
1
U
3

S

Maschaug Beach (RI-4)
4
4.0
8

LT
P

Napatree Point (RI-5)
4
1.0
7

AO, LT, large concentration of post-breeding roseate terns^F
M/P

Ninigret (RI-6)
2
3.0
10

LT
FWS/S/P

Quicksand Pond (RI-7)
8
2.6
15
significant use
LT
TNC

Trustom Pond (RI-8)
8
0.9
10
(low numbers)
LT
FWS

Weekapaug (RI-9)
0
_
5 to 10

Fire Dist.

MASSACHUSETTS

Chappaquiddick Island (Norton Point to the Gut) (MA-1)
9
1.33
40

LT^S, AO, CT^S, Cdd^FH
C/P/S/M/

TTOR

Coast Guard Beach (MA-2)
8
1.25
10

LT^SH
NPS

Crane Beach (MA-3)
18
1.94
25

LT^S
TTOR

Cuttyhunk Island (MA-4)
5
2.25 (based on 4 pairs)
7

LT^S, CT^S
P

Dogfish Bar, Martha's Vineyard (MA-5)
4
1.25
5

P

Duxbury Beach (MA-6)
4
2.0 (based on 4 pairs)
15

LT^S
M

Eel Point (MA-7)
1
3.0
5
pre-breeding
AO
P

Great Point/The Galls (MA-8)
9
1.0
25
use probable, surveys needed
LT^S, northern harrier^S
FWS/TTOR/

USCG

Harding Beach (MA-9)
1
4.0
3

LT^S
M

Head of the Meadows to Cahoon Hollow (MA-10)
1
3.0
10

NPS/M

Horseneck Beach/Gooseberry Neck (MA-11)
6
1.67
12

Cdd^F
S/P/M

Jeremy Pt./Great Island (MA-12)
6
1.83
10

NPS/P

Little Beach/Barney's Joy (MA-13)
11
2.2 (based on 10 pairs)
15

LT^S
P

Marconi Beach (LeCount Hollow to Nauset Light Beach) (MA-14)
9
2.44
15

Cdd^FH
NPS/M

Monomoy Islands (MA-15)
4
2.0
>30

LT^S, roseate tern^F, CT^S, short-eared owl^S, northern harrier^S
FWS

Muskeget Island (MA-16)
7
U
10

short-eared owl^S
P/M

Nashawena Island (MA-17)
2
4.0
10

LT^S
P

Nauset Beach (Chatham & Orleans) (MA-18)
16
2.25
50

M/P

Nauset Spit (Plover Island - Orleans)

(MA-19)
21
1.71
30

LT^S, CT^S, AO, BS, AT
M

Plum Island (MA-20)
10
2.1
20

LT^S
FWS/S

Plymouth Beach (MA-21)
4
1.0
10

LT^S, roseate tern^F, CT^S, arctic tern^S
M

Popponesset Spit (MA-22)
3
U
4

LT^S
P/M

Race Point Beach to High Head (MA-23)
29
2.07
60

LT^S, Mertensia maritima
NPS

Richmond Pond/Cockeast Pond/Acoaxet (MA-24)
1
1.0
4

P

Sampson's Island - Dead Neck (MA-25)
6
0.17
6

P

Sandy Neck (MA-26)
15
2.47
25

LT^S
M

Scorton Creek/East Sandwich (MA-27)
6
1.83
6

M/P

Scusset Beach (MA-28)
4
2.25
5

S

Siasconset/Low Beach/Tom Nevers (MA-29)
1
0
>20

LT^SH, northern harrier^S
USCG/M/P

Smith Point (MA-30)
0
-
>5
possible; need surveys
post-breeding roseate terns^F
P/M

South Beach Island (MA-31)
13
2.15
30

LT^S, CT^S, AO, northern harrier^S
M

South Cape Beach/Washburn Island (MA-32)
3
2.33
5

LT^S
S

South Shore, Martha's Vineyard (Chilmark Pond to Edgartown Great Pond) (MA-33)
6
1.67
30

P, TTOR

Squibnocket Beach (MA-34)
4
3.0
7

Cdd^F, AP^FH
P

Third Cliff (MA-35)
3
1.67
3

U.S. Air Force/M/P

Town Neck/Springhill - Sandwich (MA-36)
4
0.5
6

LT^S
M/P

Tuckernuck Island (MA-37)
0
_
>5

northern harrier^S, short-eared owl^S
P

Wood End/Long Point - Provincetown

(MA-38)
7
2.57
15

NPS

MAINE

Crescent Surf/Laudholm Beaches (ME-1)
5
4.0
8
some migratory use
LT^S, occasional roseate tern^F feeding
FWS/M/P

Goose Rocks/Batson River (ME-2)
2
3.5
4

LT^S
P

Higgins Beach/Ram Island (ME-3)
3
1.7
5

P

Pine Point/Western Beach (ME-4)
3
3.0
5

LT^S (occasional use), harlequin duck wintering site
M/P

Reid State Park (ME-5)
3
1.7
5

S

Seawall/Popham/Hunnewell Beach (ME-6)
15
1.7
25
post-breeding concentrations
RT^F, LT^S
S/P

1. Estimates of nesting pairs for New York sites are a drawn from a "window" census and may differ from estimates shown in other reports or from the number of pairs on which productivity data is based.

Department of the Interior | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Privacy, Disclaimer, and Copyright Information
Photo and Drawing Credits
e-mail us at pipingplover@fws.gov

URL address http://pipingplover.fws.gov/
Last updated March 15, 2000

SITE	1993 NESTING PAIRS	1993 PRODUCTIVITY (Chicks/Pair)	ESTIMATED CAPACITY (Pairs)	MIGRATORY PLOVER USE	OTHER RARE SPECIES	OWNER
SOUTH CAROLINA
Waites Island (SC-1)	1	U	2	spring, fall, winter use	WP,LT,AO	State/university
NORTH CAROLINA
Bodie Island (So. end) (NC-1)	0	-	2	frequent use; winter use also	WP, LT, AO	NPS
Cape Hatteras Point (NC-2)	5 to 6	0.66	12	fall migration	GBT^S, WP, BS^S, AT, AP^F, CT, LT, Sooty tern, AO, LOG^F	NPS
Currituck Outer Banks (NC-3)	2	0.5	10	spring and fall migration	AP^F, LT	FWS/P
Figure 8 Island (NC-4)	0	-	2	migratory and winter use (increasing)	AP^F, LOG^F, AO, LT, CT, BS	P
Hatteras Inlet (No. side) (NC-5)	3	0.66	8	frequent use	AP^F, BS^S, CT, LT, AO, WP, GBT^S	NPS
Holden Beach/Shallote Inlet (NC-6)	4	1.0	6	winter use	AP^F, LOG^F, AO, willet, Sesuvium portulacastrum	P
Long Beach/Lockwood Folly's Inlet (NC-7)	0	-	1	winter use	AP^F, LOG^F, AO, WP, willet	P
North Core Banks (NC-8)	28	0.68	51	significant numbers; winter use also	AP^F, LT, LOG^F, GBT^S, BS^S, CT, WP, AO	NPS
Ocracoke Island (No. and So. ends) (NC-9)	3	0.33	8	low numbers	AP^F, LT, LOG^F, AO, CT	NPS
Pea Island NWR (NC-10)	0	-	1		LOG^F, LT, CT, AO, BS^S, GBT^S	FWS
Rachel Carson's Estuary/ Bird Shoals (NC-11)	0	-	1	migratory and winter use	WP, LT, AO, BS^S, CT, GBT^S, willet	NES
Shackleford Banks (NC-12)	0	-	3	some winter use	GBT^S, WP, CT, BS^S, LT, AO, willet	NPS
South Core Banks (NC-13)	7	1.0	16	significant use	AP^F, GBT^S, BS^S, LOG^F, CT, LT, WP, AO	NPS
Sunset Beach (NC-14)	0	-	1		LT, CT, BS^S, AP^F, LOG^F	P
Topsail Beach (NC-15)	1	U	1		AP^F, LOG^F, LT, CT, BS^S, AO, WP, LOG^F, willet	P
VIRGINIA
Assateague/Tom's Cove Hook (VA-1)	17	1.24	35		Cdm, LT^S, WP^S, AO	FWS
Assateague/Wash Flats (VA-2)	0	0	10		PF^F, LT^S	FWS
Assateague/Wild Beach (VA-3)	10	0.8	25		Cdm, AO, LT^S	FWS
Assawoman Island (VA-4)	10	2.0	20		WP^S, LT^S, Cdm, AO, CT, GBT^S, BS	FWS
Cedar Island (VA-5)	12	U	20		WP^S, LT^S, CT, Cdm, AO, BS	FWS/P/TNC
Cedar Sandbar (VA-6)	0	-	5		LT^S, CT, GBT^S, BS, AO, Cdm	FWS/P
Cobb Island (VA-7)	4	U	10		WP^S, PF^F, LT^S, CT, AO, heronry, BS, GBT^S	TNC
Craney Island (VA-8)	5	1.4	15		WP^S, LT^S, Am. avocet, black-necked stilt, short-eared owl	Corps
Fisherman Island (VA-9)	0	-	10		PF^F, Cdm, AO, heronry, royal tern, sandwich tern	FWS/P
Grandview Beach (VA-10)	0	-	15		AO, LT^S, Cdm	M
Hog Island (VA-11)	1	U	5		PF^F, CT, LT^S, AO, heronry, Cdm, GBT^S, BS	TNC
Metompkin Island, North (VA-12)	28	1.75 (4 pairs)	50		WP^S, PF^F, CT, LT^S, GBT^S, BS, AO, Cdm	FWS/TNC
Metompkin Island, South (VA-13)	0	-	10		AO, BS, CT, Cdm, GBT^S	TNC
Myrtle Island (VA-14)	9	U	20		Cdm, AO, WP^S, CT, GBT^S	TNC
New Island (VA-15)	0	_	5		AO, CT, BS, Cdm	S
Parramore Island (VA-16)	0	-	5		PF^F, Cdm, AO	TNC/USCG
Ship Shoal (VA-17)	1	U	5		WP^S, Cdm	TNC
Smith Island (VA-18)	4	U	10		WP^S, AO, Cdm	TNC/P
Wallops Island (VA-19)	3	1.33	10		PF^F, WP^S, LT^S, AO	NASA
Wreck Island (VA-20)	2	U	5		WP^S, AO, GBT^S, CT, BS, heronry	S
MARYLAND
Assateague Island National Seashore (MD-1)	19	1.7	45	fall migration stopover	Cdm^S, AP^FH, CT, LT, WP^S, AO, Susuvium maritima^S, roseate tern^FH, Cicindela lepida, major migratory shorebird stopover (esp. in fall)	NPS/S
DELAWARE
Beach Plum Island Nature Preserve (DE-1)	0	-	2 to 3		LT, CT^H, GBT^H, Cicindela marginata, Cicindela hirticollis	S
Cape Henlopen State Park (DE-2)	2	.25	6 to 8		LT, roseate tern^FH, Cicindela lepida, CT, Forster's tern^H, BS^H, PF^F, major migratory shorebird stopover	S
Delaware Seashore State Park (DE-3)	1 pair seen through mid-May	0	8		AP^HF, LT, AO, BS^H, CT^H, royal tern^H	S
Fenwick Island State Park (DE-4)	0	-	1 to 2		LT, AO	S
NEW JERSEY
Avalon Complex - Avalon Dunes and Avalon North (NJ-1)	8	0.25	14		LT^S, Cdm^H	M
Avalon Complex - Townsend's Inlet (NJ-2)	1	1.00	5	fall migration	LT^S, Cdm^H	M
Barnegat Light (NJ-3)	12	0.67	15	spring, post-breeding, fall	LT^S, BS^S, CT, AO, Cdd^FH	M
Brigantine Beach, South (NJ-4)	8	.38	20	spring	LT^S, Cdm^H	M
Brigantine Inlet - Brigantine Inlet (NJ-5)	0	-	6	especially in spring	Cdm^H	S
Brigantine Inlet - Little Beach (NJ-6)	19	1.1	>25	probably	Cdm, LT^S	FWS
Champagne Island (Hereford Inlet) (NJ-7)	0	-	3	fall migration	LT^S, BS^S, CT, AO, Cdm^H	U
Coast Guard North (Two Mile Beach) (NJ-8)	0	-	5	occasional spring	LT^S	USCG
Coast Guard South (NJ-9)	6	0.67	8		LT^S	USCG/P/M
Holgate (NJ-10)	14	.36	25	large numbers post-breeding on So. end	Cdd^HF, BP, LT^S, BS^S	FWS
Island Beach State Park (NJ-11)	0	-	14	fairly high numbers in spring	LT^S, Cdd^FH	S
Mantoloking Beach (NJ-12)	4	1.5	8		Cdd^FH	P/M
North Wildwood (NJ-13)	5	0	8		LT^S, Cdm^H	M
Ocean City Complex - Longport (NJ-14)	0	-	4	used in spring; fall use possible		P
Ocean City Complex - Waverly Beach (NJ-15)	1	0	5	post-breeding use	LT^S	M
Sandy Hook - Coast Guard Beach (NJ-16)	6	2.00	8	possible spring use	LT^S, Cdd^F (reintroduction experiment conducted in 1994 and 1995)	USCG
Sandy Hook - Critical Zone (NJ-17)	5	0.6	5			NPS
Sandy Hook - Gunnison Beach (NJ-18)	5	2.5	20			NPS
Sandy Hook - North Beach (NJ-19)	9	2.2	25			NPS
Sea Isle City Complex - Corson's Inlet (NJ-20)	5	1.2	10	spring, post-breeding, fall	LT^S, BS^S, AO, Cdm^H	S
Sea Isle City Complex - Sea Isle City (NJ-21)	6	1.0	12			M
Sea Isle City Complex - Strathmere (NJ-22)	6	.33	12	spring, post-breeding, fall	LT^S, BS^S, AO, Cdm^H	M
Sea Isle City Complex - Whale Beach (NJ-23)	4	1.00	14	post-breeding and fall	LT^S	M
South Cape May Meadows (NJ-24)	3	1.33	6	post-breeding	LT^S, CT, BS^S	TNC
NEW YORK
Accabonac Harbor (NY-1)	4⁽¹⁾		6	probable	LT^S	M
Alder Island (NY-2)	1¹		U	U	AO	M
Breezy Point to Far Rockaway (NY-3)	22¹	NPS: 1.53 (15 pairs) private: 0.77 (13 pairs)	>45	post-breeding concentrations at Breezy Point in 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993	NPS: LT^S, roseate tern^F, CT^S, AP^F, BS^S private beach: LT^S	NPS/P/M
Cedar Beach Point (NY-4)	0¹		2	U	LT^S, osprey^S	M
Cedar Point (NY-5)	4¹		8	probable	LT^S	C
Conkling Point (NY-6)	2¹		2 to 3	U	LT^S, CT^S	P
Corey Creek Mouth (NY-7)	0¹	0 (1 pair)	2	U	LT^S, osprey^S	P
Crab Creek/Shell Beach (NY-8)	4¹		11	probable	LT^S	M/P
Crab Meadow Beach (NY-9)	1¹		3	U	LT^S	M/P
Cutchogue Harbor (NY-10)	1¹	1.0	4	U	LT^S, osprey^S	TNC/P
Eatons Neck Point (NY-11)	0¹		6	probable	LT^S, CT^S, BS^S	P/USCG
Fire Island (NY-12)	11¹	1.62 (8 pairs)	45	yes	LT^S, AP^F, Cdd^FH, Polygonum glaucum	NPS/S/C/P/M
Fishers Island (NY-13)	1¹		U	U	LT^S,AO	P
Flax Pond Beach (NY-14)	0¹		2	U	LT^S	M/P/S
Fresh Pond Landing (NY-15)	1¹	0	2	U	LT^S, osprey^S	S
Goldsmith Inlet (NY-16)	0¹		>1	U	LT^S	C
Goose Creek Flanders Bay (NY-17)	0¹		1	U	LT^S, CT^S	C
Gull Pond West (NY-18)	0¹		2	U	LT^S	M/P
Hicks Island/Goff Point (NY-19)	2¹		>4	yes	roseate tern^F, LT^S, CT^S, BS^S, AO	S
Jessup Neck (NY-20)	1¹	1.0	3	yes	LT^S, post-breeding roseate terns^F	FWS/C
Jockey Creek Spoil Island (NY-21)	0¹		U	U	CT^S, LT^S	P
Jones Island (NY-22)	39¹	1.30 (47 pairs)	50 to 60	yes	roseate tern^F, LT^S, CT, AP^F, Cdd^FH, BS^S, Polygonum glaucum	S/M/P
Lionhead Beach (NY-23)	1¹		3	U	LT^S	P/M
Lloyd Neck East Beach (NY-24)	0¹		U	U	LT^S, CT^S	FWS
Lloyd Point (NY-25)	1¹		4	probable	LT^S, CT^S	S/P
Long Beach Island (NY-26)	19¹		> 21	yes	LT^S, Cdd^FH	M/C/P
Long Beach Peninsula (NY-27)	0¹		4	U	LT^S	M/P
Long Beach Sag Harbor (NY-28)	0¹		4	U	LT^S	M
Majors Point to Gibsons Beach (NY-29)	3¹		6 to 8	yes	LT^S, osprey^S, Polygonum glaucum	TNC
Marratooka Point to Kimogener Point (NY-30)	0¹		2	U	LT^S, osprey^S	P
Mattituck Inlet (NY-31)	0¹		2	U	osprey^S, LT^S, CT^S	M/P
Miamogue Point/Jamesport Town Beach (NY-32)	2¹	0	3	U	LT^S	M
Middle Pond Inlet (NY-33)HTML>	1¹	0	2	yes	LT^S	M/P
Mount Misery Point (NY-34)	0¹		5	U	roseate tern^F, LT^S, CT^S	C
Old Field Beach (NY-35)	0¹		4	U	LT^S, CT^S	M/C
Orient Beach (NY-36)	5¹	1.9 (7 pairs)	12	yes	LT^S, osprey^S, Polygonum glaucum	S
Oyster Pond (NY-37)	2¹		U	U		S
Pine Neck (NY-38)	2¹		4	U	LT^S	M
Plum Point (NY-39)	0¹		U	U	LT^S	P
Port of Eygpt (NY-40)	3¹		3	U	LT^S, CT^S, BS^S, roseate tern^F	P
Red Cedar Point/Red Creek Pond (NY-41)	1¹		6	probable	LT^S, CT^S	P/U
Richmond Creek (NY-42)	0¹		2	U	LT^S	P
Robins Island (NY-43)	0¹		2	U	LT^S, osprey^S	P
Sammys Beach Peninsula (NY-44)	1¹		5	probable	LT^S, CT^S, roseate tern^F, BS^S, AO	M
Sand City (NY-45)	2¹		>5	probable	LT^S, CT^S, BS^S	M
Sebonac Creek (NY-46)	3¹		4	probable	LT^S	P
Sebonac Neck (NY-47)	3¹	3.5 (2 pairs)	4	probable	LT^S	M/P
Short Beach (NY-48)	3¹		4	U	LT^S	M
Southhampton Beach to Fairfield Pond Lane Beach (NY-49)	4¹		20 to 30	probable	LT^S, AP^F, Cdd^FH	C/P/M
Towd Neck/Wooley Pond (NY-50)	0¹		6	U	LT^S	P/M
Upper Beach/Lower Beach (NY-51)	1¹		5	U	LT^S, Polygonum glaucum	M/C
Youngs Island (NY-52)	0¹		2	U	LT^S, CT^S	M
Wainscott Pond to Montauk Beach (NY-53)	6¹		15 to 20	probable	LT^S, Cdd^FH	S/M
West Meadow Beach (NY-54)	0¹		3	U		M/P
Westhampton Island (NY-55)	36¹	0.76 (29 pairs)	50 to 60	yes	LT^S, AP^F, BS^S, CT^S, AO, Cdd^FH, Polygonum glaucum	M/C/P
CONNECTICUT
Goshen Cove (CT-1)	1	2.0	3			S/P
Griswold Point (CT-2)	7	.29	10		LT^S, Cdd^FH	TNC/M/P
Hammonasset Beach (CT-3)	1	0	7		LT^S, AO^S	S/P
Housatonic River Complex - Milford Point (CT-4)	3	.66	8 to 10		LT^S	S/FWS
Housatonic River Complex - Short Beach (CT-5)	1	0	5		LT^S	M
Lewis Gut Complex - Pleasure Beach (CT-6)	1	0	10 to 15		LT^S	M
Lewis Gut Complex - Long Beach (CT-7)	6	.5	15		LT^S	M
Sandy Point (CT-8)	3	0	15		LT^S	M
RHODE ISLAND
Block Island (RI-1)	0	-	U			FWS/U
Briggs Beach (RI-2)	4	0	7	limited		P
East Matunuck State Beach (RI-3)	1	U	3			S
Maschaug Beach (RI-4)	4	4.0	8		LT	P
Napatree Point (RI-5)	4	1.0	7		AO, LT, large concentration of post-breeding roseate terns^F	M/P
Ninigret (RI-6)	2	3.0	10		LT	FWS/S/P
Quicksand Pond (RI-7)	8	2.6	15	significant use	LT	TNC
Trustom Pond (RI-8)	8	0.9	10	(low numbers)	LT	FWS
Weekapaug (RI-9)	0	_	5 to 10			Fire Dist.
MASSACHUSETTS
Chappaquiddick Island (Norton Point to the Gut) (MA-1)	9	1.33	40		LT^S, AO, CT^S, Cdd^FH	C/P/S/M/ TTOR
Coast Guard Beach (MA-2)	8	1.25	10		LT^SH	NPS
Crane Beach (MA-3)	18	1.94	25		LT^S	TTOR
Cuttyhunk Island (MA-4)	5	2.25 (based on 4 pairs)	7		LT^S, CT^S	P
Dogfish Bar, Martha's Vineyard (MA-5)	4	1.25	5			P
Duxbury Beach (MA-6)	4	2.0 (based on 4 pairs)	15		LT^S	M
Eel Point (MA-7)	1	3.0	5	pre-breeding	AO	P
Great Point/The Galls (MA-8)	9	1.0	25	use probable, surveys needed	LT^S, northern harrier^S	FWS/TTOR/ USCG
Harding Beach (MA-9)	1	4.0	3		LT^S	M
Head of the Meadows to Cahoon Hollow (MA-10)	1	3.0	10			NPS/M
Horseneck Beach/Gooseberry Neck (MA-11)	6	1.67	12		Cdd^F	S/P/M
Jeremy Pt./Great Island (MA-12)	6	1.83	10			NPS/P
Little Beach/Barney's Joy (MA-13)	11	2.2 (based on 10 pairs)	15		LT^S	P
Marconi Beach (LeCount Hollow to Nauset Light Beach) (MA-14)	9	2.44	15		Cdd^FH	NPS/M
Monomoy Islands (MA-15)	4	2.0	>30		LT^S, roseate tern^F, CT^S, short-eared owl^S, northern harrier^S	FWS
Muskeget Island (MA-16)	7	U	10		short-eared owl^S	P/M
Nashawena Island (MA-17)	2	4.0	10		LT^S	P
Nauset Beach (Chatham & Orleans) (MA-18)	16	2.25	50			M/P
Nauset Spit (Plover Island - Orleans) (MA-19)	21	1.71	30		LT^S, CT^S, AO, BS, AT	M
Plum Island (MA-20)	10	2.1	20		LT^S	FWS/S
Plymouth Beach (MA-21)	4	1.0	10		LT^S, roseate tern^F, CT^S, arctic tern^S	M
Popponesset Spit (MA-22)	3	U	4		LT^S	P/M
Race Point Beach to High Head (MA-23)	29	2.07	60		LT^S, Mertensia maritima	NPS
Richmond Pond/Cockeast Pond/Acoaxet (MA-24)	1	1.0	4			P
Sampson's Island - Dead Neck (MA-25)	6	0.17	6			P
Sandy Neck (MA-26)	15	2.47	25		LT^S	M
Scorton Creek/East Sandwich (MA-27)	6	1.83	6			M/P
Scusset Beach (MA-28)	4	2.25	5			S
Siasconset/Low Beach/Tom Nevers (MA-29)	1	0	>20		LT^SH, northern harrier^S	USCG/M/P
Smith Point (MA-30)	0	-	>5	possible; need surveys	post-breeding roseate terns^F	P/M
South Beach Island (MA-31)	13	2.15	30		LT^S, CT^S, AO, northern harrier^S	M
South Cape Beach/Washburn Island (MA-32)	3	2.33	5		LT^S	S
South Shore, Martha's Vineyard (Chilmark Pond to Edgartown Great Pond) (MA-33)	6	1.67	30			P, TTOR
Squibnocket Beach (MA-34)	4	3.0	7		Cdd^F, AP^FH	P
Third Cliff (MA-35)	3	1.67	3			U.S. Air Force/M/P
Town Neck/Springhill - Sandwich (MA-36)	4	0.5	6		LT^S	M/P
Tuckernuck Island (MA-37)	0	_	>5		northern harrier^S, short-eared owl^S	P
Wood End/Long Point - Provincetown (MA-38)	7	2.57	15			NPS
MAINE
Crescent Surf/Laudholm Beaches (ME-1)	5	4.0	8	some migratory use	LT^S, occasional roseate tern^F feeding	FWS/M/P
Goose Rocks/Batson River (ME-2)	2	3.5	4		LT^S	P
Higgins Beach/Ram Island (ME-3)	3	1.7	5			P
Pine Point/Western Beach (ME-4)	3	3.0	5		LT^S (occasional use), harlequin duck wintering site	M/P
Reid State Park (ME-5)	3	1.7	5			S
Seawall/Popham/Hunnewell Beach (ME-6)	15	1.7	25	post-breeding concentrations	RT^F, LT^S	S/P