Perennial Pepperweed is on the left. Note its:

• herbacious stem
• alternate leaves
• Entire (smooth) or finely toothed leaves
• leaves are lance-shaped, with strong white veigns
• mustardy, horseradish smell to stem and roots
• white flowers in July

Do not confuse with Marsh Elder, on the right. They are similar. However, Marsh Elder has:

• woody stem
• opposite (paired) leaves (except for the top ones)
• coarsely toothes, slightly fleshy stem
• leaves long and egg-shaped
• green Flowers in September

This is pepperweed's rosette form (new growth) on the left. It will remain in this form for several weeks before the stem grows. Do not confuse this with the common plantain, a native specieson the right. The plaintain has long, parralel veigns and a trough-like stem.

Pepperweed flowers in late June through August with clusters of small white flowers.

Pepperweed can be mapped, though not pulled, in winter, as it leaves its stalk from the previous season. You should look for:

• Tall plants - can be waist high or higher
• Standing, easily breakable dead stalks
• Growing in stands (groups)
• Alternate branching
• Whitish-gray, wispy branches (this is makes it easy to see)