Field Notes -- May 1999, Page 10

Carson and Leopold Discuss Interconnections

An “interview” with Rachel Carson and Aldo Leopold


Both Rachel Carson and Aldo Leopold understood the importance of interconnections well before our time.  Their two most famous books, Leopold’s A Sand County Almanac and Carson’s Silent Spring focus on interconnections.  Although no longer with us, this “interview” provides, through their own words, a small look into their deep and great understanding of our natural world.  As we enter the 21st century, their words remain a strong portent of our need to respect our planet’s complex biology.


Ocean waves break along New Jersey’s marshy seashore, the flowing water caressing timeworn sands. Topping a small rise, the Earth quickly sprouts into a mix of pinelands and farms.  Wispy smoke from a farmhouse chimney quickly fades about the deep blue sky and puffy white clouds.  In such a setting both Carson and Leopold seem relaxed, but at the same time anxious to tell one last story.  And so we begin.

So why is it so important people recognize interconnections?
“The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings,” answers Carson.  Leopold stops puffing on his pipe to add, “Civilization is not, as they [historians] often assume, the enslavement of a stable and constant earth.  It is a state of mutual and interdependent cooperation between human animals, other animals, plants, and soils which may be disrupted at any moment by the failure of any of them.” He pauses, then continues, “These wild things, I admit, had little human value until mechanization assured us of a good breakfast, and until science disclosed the drama of where they come from and how they live.”

If history is full of these interconnections, then why don’t people understand their value and what ignoring them could mean?
Carson addresses this question. “There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat.  This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged.”

Then do ecologists, those who study connections, have a leg up on everyone else, especially when they integrate cost into an issue?
Leopold smiles and shakes his head from side to side.  “The emergence of ecology has placed the economic biologist in a peculiar dilemma: with one hand he points out the accumulated findings of his search for utility, or lack of utility, in this or that species; with the other he lifts the veil from a biota so complex, so conditioned by interwoven cooperations and competitions, that no man can say where utility begins and ends.”

Some people think that society will be better off if we can identify and actively manage and regulate these interconnections.  What do you think?
Carson slowly shakes her head to disagree, “The ‘control of nature’ is a phrase conceived in arrogance, born of the Neanderthal age of biology and philosophy, when it was supposed that nature exists for the convenience of man.” She softens and continues, “Only by taking account of such life forces and by cautiously seeking to guide them into channels favorable to ourselves can we hope to achieve a reasonable accommodation...”

In terms of future development and our growing understanding of interconnection what final thoughts do you have?
This time Leopold begins.  “There can be no doubt that a society rooted in the soil is more stable than one rooted in pavements.  Stability seems to vary inversely to the mental distance from fields and woods.” Carson adds one last comment, “Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life”

Very true.  Thank you both
 



 
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