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Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
Conserving the Nature of America

Wildflowers of the Great Swamp

Swampmallow

 

Surveys of Great Swamp plant life have identified several hundred species of trees, shrubs, aquatic plants, ferns, sedges, grasses, and other forms of plant life.  This is a partial list of flowering plants in order of their seasonal appearance and according to the color of their blossoms.    Some varieties occur in more than one season.  Though Oxeye Daisy, for example, is listed here with the spring flowers, this plant also frequents fields and roadsides during summer.

SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN

 

Spring Menu

(March-April-May)
 

White/ Green Yellow/ Orange
Pink/ Red Purple/ Blue

White/ Green

Anemone, Rue (Anemonella thalictroides)

Anemone, Wood (Anemone quinquefolia)

Bedstraw, Claytons (Galium palustre)

Blackberry, Alleghany (Rubus allegheniensis)

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)

Blueberry, Highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum)

Campion, White (Lychnis alba)

Chickweed (Stellaria media)

Clover, White (Trifolium repens)

Bittercress, Meadow (Cardamine pratensis)

Daisy(Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)

Dogwood(Cornus florida)

Fleabane(Erigeron annuus)

Foamflower(Tiarella cordifolia)

Garlic Mustard (Alliaria officinalis)

Ginseng (Panax trifolius)

 

Hellebore, False (Veratrum viride)

Jack-in-the-pulpit(Arisaema triphyllum)

Lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum canadense)

Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)

Pussytoes (Antennaria neodioica)

Saxifrage(Saxifraga pensylvanica)

Shadbush (Amelanchier canadensis)

Solomon's Seal, False (Smilacina racemosa)

Spring Beauty (Claytonia virginica)

Starflower (Trientalis borealis)

Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)

Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)

Trailing Arbutus (Epigaea repens)

Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)

Viburnum (Vibernum acerifolium)

Violet, Northern White (Viola pallens)

Violet, Lance-leaved (Viola lanceolata)

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Yellow/Orange

Bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata)

Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris)

Buttercup, Tall (Ranunculus acris)

Buttercup, Swamp (Ranunculus septentrionalis)

Buttercup, Creeping (Ranunculus repens)

Celandine (Chelidonium majus)

Cinquefoil, Common (Potentilla simplex)

Cinquefoil, Rough-fruited (Potentilla recta)

Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)

Cynthia (Krigia biflora)

Dandelion (Taraxacum officionale)

Golden Ragwort (Senecio aureus)

Iris(Iris pseudacorus)

King Devil(Hieracium pratense)

Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)

Spatterdock (Nuphar advena)

Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)

Wild Indigo (Baptista tinctoria)

Winter Cress (Barbarea vulgaris)

Wood Sorrel (Oxalis stricta)

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Pink/Red

Geranium (Geranium maculatum)

Ginger (Asarum canadense)

Lady's Slipper(Cypripedium acaule)

Pinxter Flower (Rhododendron nudiflorum)

Wood Betony (Pedicularis canadensis)

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Purple/Blue

Bluebell (Mertensa virginica)

Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium)

Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)

Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis)

Iris, Blue Flag (Iris versicolor)

Iris, Slender (Iris prismatica)

Periwinkle (Vinca minor)

Purple Dead Nettle (Lamium purpurem)

Skunk Cabbage (Syplocarpus foetidus)

Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana)

Vetch (Vicia cracca)

Violet, LeConte's (Viola affnis)

Violet, Arrow-leaved (Viola sagittata)

Violet, Marsh Blue (Viola cucullata)

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Summer Menu

(June-July-Early August)
 

White/ Green Yellow/ Orange
Pink/ Red Purple/ Blue

 

White/ Green

Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)

Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)

Bindweed (Convolvulus sepium)

Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)

Bouncing Bet (Saponaria officinalis)

Bugleweed (Lycopus virginicus)

Bur-reed (Sparganium americanum)

Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)

Elderberry (Sambacus canadensis)

Hemlock, Water (Cicuta maculata)

Honeysuckle, Swamp (Rhododendron viscosum)

Honeysuckle, Japanese (Lonicera japonica)

Indian Pipe (Monotropa uniflora)

Indian Hemp (Apocynum cannabinum)

Laurel, Mountain (Kalmia latifolia)

Lizard's Tail (Saururus cernuus)

Mallow (Hibiscus palustris)

Mallow, Musk (Malva moschata)

Meadow Rue (Thalictrum polygamum)

Meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia)

Mountain-mint (Pycanthemum virginiana)

Multiflora Rose (Roas multiflora)

Orchid, Fringed (Habenaria lacera)

Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia)

Plantain, English (Plantago lanceolata)

Plantain, Rattlesnake (Goodyera pubescens)

Plantain, Water (Alisma subcordatum)

Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)

Queen Ann's Lace (Daucus carota)

Rattlesnake Root (Prenanthes alba)

Sasparilla (Aralia nudicaulis)

Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum)

Sweet Cicely (Oxmorhize claytoni)

Sweet Clover, White (Melilotus alba)

Water Arum (Calla palustris)

Water Hemlock (Cicuta maculata)

Wintergreen, Spotted (Chimphila maculata)

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

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Yellow/Orange

Agrimony (Agrimonia parviflora)

Bartonia (Bartonia virginica)

Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)

Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)

Butter-and-eggs (Linaria vulgaris)

Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa)

Canada Lily (Lilium canadense)

Cucumber Root, Indian (Medeola virginiana)

Day Lily (Hemerocallis fulva)

Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)

Goatsbeard (Tragopogon pratensis)

Hawkweed(Hieracium aurantiacum)

Hop Clover (Trifolium agrarium)

Hop Clover, Smaller (Trifolium procumbens)

Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)

Loosestrife, Fringed (Lysimachia ciliata)

Loosestrife, Whorled (Lysimachia quadrifolia)

Moneywort (Lysimachia nummularia)

Mullien(Verbascum thapsus)

Mullien, Moth (Verbascum blattaria)

St. Johnswort(Hypericum perforatum)

Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)

Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia)

Sneezeweed (Helenium Autumnale)

Sow Thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)

Stargrass (Hypoxis hirsuta)

Sundrops (Oenothera fruticosa)

Sundrops, Small (Oenothera perennis)

Swamp Candles (Lysimachia terrestris)

Sweet Clover(Melilotus officinalis)

Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)

Turk's-cap Lily (Lilium superbum)

Golden Alexanders (Ziziz aurea)

 

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Pink/Red

Azalea, Flame (Rhododendron caldeulaceum)

Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)

Clover, Alsike (Trifolium hybridum)

Deptford Pink (Dianthus armeria)

Knapweed(Centaurea maculosa)

Mallow(Hibiscus palustris)

Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)

Milkweed, Swamp (Ascelpias incarnata)

Milkwort (Polygala sanguinea)

Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)

Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)

Smartweed, Long-bristle (Polygonum cespitosum)

Steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa)

Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris)

Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)

Thistle, Bull (Cirsium vulgare)

Thistle, Field (Cirsium discolor)

Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense)

Thistle, Pasture (Cirsium pumilum)

Tick Trefoil (Desmodium canadense)

Tick Trefoil, Panicled (Desmodium paniculatum)

Woundwort (Stachys palustris)

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Purple/Blue

Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)

Bittersweet (Solanum dolcamara)

Burdock (Arctium minus)

Chicory (Cichorium intybus)

Clover(Trifolium pratense)

Dayflower (Commelina virginica)

Forget-me-not (Myosotis scirpioides)

Indian Tobacco (Lobelia inflata)

Lobelia, Spiked (Lobelia spicata)

Loosestrife, Purple (Lythrum salicaria)

Milkweed(Asclepias purpurascens)

Mint (Mentha arvensis)

Monkey Flower (Mimulus ringens)

Phlox (Phlox paniculata)

Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata)

Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris)

Skullcap, Mad-dog (Scutellaria lateriflora)

Skullcap, Marsh (Scutellaria epilobiifolia)

Spearmint (Mentha spicata)

Venus' Looking-glass (Specularia perfoliata)

Vervain(Verbena hastata)

Viper's Bugloss (Echium vulgare)

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Autumn Menu

(Late August-September-October)
 

White/ Green Yellow/ Orange
Pink/ Red Purple/ Blue

 

White/ Green

Aster, Small-flowered (Aster vimineus)

Aster, White Wood (Aster divaricatus)

Aster, Calico (Aster lateriflorus)

Aster, Flat-top (Aster umbellatus)

Aster, Heath (Aster pilosus)

Aster, Trandescant's (Aster tradescanti)

Hempweed (Mikania scandens)

Ladies' Tresses, Grass-leaved (Spiranthes vernalis)

Silver-rod (Solidago bicolor)

Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)

Water-horehound (Lycopus americanus)

White Snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum)

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Yellow/Orange

Beggar Ticks (Bidens aristosa)

Goldenrod, Canada (Solidago canadensis)

Goldenrod, Early (Solidago jucea)

Goldenrod, Grass-leaved (Solidago graminifolia)

Goldenrod, Rough-leaf (Solidago patula)

Goldenrod, Rough-stemmed (Solidago rugosa)

Goldenrod, Tall (Solidago altissima)

Goldenrod, Broad-leaved (Solidago flexicaulis)

Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)

Sunflower, Giant (Helianthus giganteus)

Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginianus)

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Pink/Red

Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)

Gerardia, Purple ( Gerardia purpurea)

Gerardia, White (Gerardia albiflora)

Spotted Joe-Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum)

Joe-Pye Weed (Eupatorium dubium)

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Purple/Blue

Aster, New England (Aster novae-angliae)

Aster, Purple-stemmed (Aster puniceus)

Aster, Smooth (Aster laevis)

Blazing Star (Liatris spicata)

Gentian, Fringe-topped (Gentiana andrewsii)

Ironweed(Vernonia noveboracensis)

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