Adamson B. 2004,  Course Notes for a 2-Day Course in Design of Fish Friendly Road Crossings.

Baker, C.O. and F.E. Votapka. 1990. Fish Passage Through Culverts. Federal Highways Administration & USDA Forest Service. FHWA-FL-90-006. 67 pages. (Available from USDA Forest Service publications, San Dimas Laboratory, CA)

Bates, K., 1999, Fish Passage Design at Road Crossings, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, 137 pgs, Olympia WA

Bates, K. 1992. Fishway Design Guidelines for Pacific Salmon. Working paper 1.6. (Available from Ken Bates, Lands and Restoration Program Chief Engineer, Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife. 600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA, 98501-1091.)

Beechie, T., E. Beamer, and L. Wasserman. 1994. Estimating Coho Salmon Rearing Habitat and Smolt Production Losses in a Large River Basin, and Implications for Habitat Restoration. North Am. J. Fish. Mgt. 14:797 - 811.

Behlke, C.E., D.L. Kane, R.F. McLean, and M.D. Travis. 1991. Fundamentals of Culvert Design for Passage of Weak-Swimming Fish, Final Report. Alaska DOT&PF and USDT, Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-AK-RD-90-10. 177 pages.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Fish Stream Crossing Guidebook - Draft Ver: 1.0, 2001

California Department of Fish and Game. 1998. California Salmonid Stream Habitat Restoration Manual, 3rd Edition. Inland Fisheries Division.

Clay, C.H. 1995. Design of Fishways and Other Fish Facilities, 2nd Edition. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press (imprint), Boca Raton, FL. 248 pages.

Evans, W.A. and B. Johnston. 1980. Fish Migration and Fish Passage: a Practical Guide to Solving Fish Passage Problems. U.S. Forest Service, EM - 7100 - 2, Washington, D.C.

Furniss, M.J., T.D. Roelofs, and C.S. Yee. 1991. Road Construction and Maintenance. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19:297-323.

Gebhards, S., and J. Fisher. 1972. Fish Passage and Culvert Installations. Idaho Fish and Game Rep. 12 pages.

Gray, Donald H. and Sotir, Robbin B., 1996, Biotechnical and Soil Bioengineering Slope Stabilization - A Practical Guide for Erosion Control, Wiley Interscience

Groot, C., and L. Margolis, editors. 1991. Pacific Salmon Life Histories. Univ. British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 564 pages.

Hassler, T.J. 1987. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest) Coho Salmon. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.70). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 19 pages.

Johnson, A. and J.F. Orsborn. Undated, circa 1990. Welcome to Culvert College. Washington Trout, Duvall, WA. 67 pages.

Katapodis, C. 1991, Introduction to Fishway Design, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg

Katapodis, C. 1993, Fish Passage at Culvert Highway Crossings, Presentation notes at the conference on “Highways and the Environment”, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg

Katopodis, C. 1992. Introduction to Fishway Design. Working Document from Fish Passageways and Diversion Structures Course presented by National Education and Training Center, USFWS.

Kay, AR., and R.B. Lewis. 1970. Passage of Anadromous Fish Through Highway Drainage Structures. California Division of Highways, Dist. 01 Res. Rep. 629110. 28 pages.

Lauman, J.E. 1976. Salmonid Passage at Stream-Road Crossings. Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife.

McClellan, T.J. 1970. Fish Passage Through Highway Culverts. U.S. Dept. Trans., Fed. Hwy. Adm. And Oregon State Game Comm., Portland OR.  16 pages.

Meehan, W.R., editor. 1991. Influences of Forest and Rangeland Management on Salmonid Fishes and Their Habitats. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19.

Newbury, Robert W. and Gaboury, Marc N., 1993, Stream Analysis and Fish Habitat Design - A Field Manual, Newbury Hydraulics, Gibsons B.C. (out-of-print).

Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1997, MTO Drainage Management Manual, Toronto (order from www.ronenhouse.com)

Pearsons, T.N., G.A. McMichael, S.W. Martin, E.L. Bartrand, A. Long, and S.A. Leider. 1996. Yakima Species Interactions Studies Annual Report 1994. U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration Annual Report 1994. No. DOE/BPB99852-3.

Poulin, V.A., and H.W. Argent. 1997. Stream Crossing Guidebook for Fish Streams, a Working Draft. Prepared for British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 80 pages.

Rosgen, Dave, 1996, Applied River Morphology, Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, Colorado (available at www.wildlandhydrology.com)

Sandercock, F.K. 1991. Life History of Coho Salmon. Pages 397-445 in C. Groot and L. Margolis (ed.s.), Pacific salmon life histories. Univ. British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 564 pages.

Salmonid Restoration Federation Conference. 1996. Culvert Fish Passage Design and Retrofitting Workshop. Fortuna, CA. 30 pages.

Shirvell, C.S. 1994. Effect of changes in streamflow on the microhabitat use and movement of sympatric juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in a natural stream. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51:1644-1652.

Slaney, P.A and Zaldokas, D, 1997, Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Procedures, Watershed Restoration Technical Circular No. 9, British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Vancouver.  (order from www.publications.gov.bc.ca)

Trow Consulting Engineers Ltd. 1996, In-stream Sediment Control Techniques - Field Implementation Manual. Northeast Region Science and Technology Field Guide FG-007, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 93 p. (order from Lakehead University Bookstore, Thunder Bay, (807) 343-8589).

U.S.D.A. Forest Service. 1999. Fish Xing. Version 2.0.1 Beta software. Six Rivers National Forest Watershed Interactions Team, Eureka, CA. http://www.stream.fs.fed.us/fishxing/

U.S.D.A., Forest Service, 1999. Water Road Interaction Series. Available at http://www.stream.fs.fed.us/water-road/index.html

USDA, Forest Service, Stream Systems Technology Center, Stream Notes, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. A, Suite 368, Fort Collins, CO. 80526-1891.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983-19__. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates. U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Biol. Rep. 82(11). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4.

Waples, R.S. 1991. Definition of “Species" under the ESA: Application to Pacific Salmon.

U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo., NMFS, F/NWC-194, 29 pages.

Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1999. Design Guidelines for Fish Passage Design at Road Culverts.

Washington State Department of Transportation. 1998. Juvenile and Resident Salmonid Movement and Passage Through Culverts. Final Report. Rept. No. WA-RD 457.1.  (Available through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22616).

Washington State Department of Transportation. 1997. Fish Passage Program Department of Transportation Inventory Final Report. G. Johnson (Project Leader) and nine others. 58 pages.

Washington State Department of Transportation. 1996. Investigation o f Culvert Hydraulics Related to Juvenile Fish Passage. Final Report. Rept. No. WA-RD 388.1. (Available through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22616 )

Ward, Neville. 1992, The Problem of Sediment in Water For Fish, Northwest Region Science and Technology Technical Note TN-21, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 8 p.

Weaver, W.E., and D.K. Hagans. 1994. Handbook for Forest and Ranch Roads. Mendocino County Resource Conservation District. 161 pages.

Wietkamp, L.A., T.C. Wainwright, G.J. Bryant, G.B. Milner, D.J. Teel, R.G. Kope, and R.S. Waples. 1995. Status Review of Coho Salmon from Washington, Oregon, and California.

U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo., NMFS-NWFSC-24, Northwest FisheriesScience Center, Seattle, Washington. 258 pages.

Wilson, R.G., 1996, CSP Culvert Installations at Water Crossings on Forest Access Roads, NEST Technical Note TN-013, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Timmins (order from Lakehead University Bookstore, Thunder Bay, (807) 343-8589)

Ziemer, G.L. 1961. Fish Transport in Waterways. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game. 2 pages.

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Internet References: 

British Columbia Forest Practices Code Stream Crossing Guidebook for Fish Streams

National Fish Passage Program, US Fish & Wildlife Service

Fish Passage Decision Support System, US Fish & Wildlife Service

5 Rules for Design of Fishways on the Fraser River

Design of Road Culverts for Fish Passage, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

FishPass, Fish Passage Improvement Program, Software, Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Fish Passage Restoration and Five major fishway designs, Chesapeake Bay Program Office

Fish Passage Section at the Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, USGS

Fish Passage Program, NOAA

Fish Crossing Software, USDA Forest Service

Fish Passage Improvement Program, Alaska Department of Fish & Game

Fish Passage, NW Hydro

Fish Passage Considerations in the Design and Retrofit of Culverts, Engineering Professional Programs

Fish Passage Barrier and Surface Water Diversion Screening Assessment and Prioritization Manual, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

Fish Passage Improvement Program, California Department of Water Resources

Fish Passage Short Course, Environmental Studies at U.C.Davis

Fish Passage Through Culverts An Annotated Bibliography, Six Rivers National Forest Watershed Interactions Team

Hydraulic Effects on Swimming Fish in Fish Passage Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers

Landowner's Guide to Building Forest Access Roads, U.S. Forest Service

Mannings Formula, Calculating Flow Velocity, Shows, Dearman and Waits, Inc.

Natural fish passage structures in urban streams, University of California

River Crossings and Migratory Fish: Design Guidance, Scottish Executive Consultations

The Fish Passage Center, Northwest Power Planning Council

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Fish Passage Technical Assistance

USDA Forest Service Water-Road Interaction Technology Series Documents

Upstream Fish Passage At Dams And Culverts, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

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The reference list below contains Adobe pdf documents that discuss various aspects of fish passage issues.
Click here to download the free Adobe Reader program to view these files.

A Summary of Technical Considerations to Minimize the Blockage of Fish at Culverts on the National Forests of Alaska (231 KB)

Culvert Installation in Salmon Streams (1,276 KB)

Culvert Installation in Salmon Streams (142 KB)

Culvert Fish Baffles (59 KB)

Design of Road Culverts for Fish Passage (5,335 KB)

Elements of Fish Passage through Culverts (12 KB)

Geomorphologic Impacts of Culvert Replacement and Removal: Avoiding Channel Incision (722 KB)

Fish Friendly Culverts (1,265 KB)

Fish Passage Design At Road Culverts (1,096 KB)

Fish Passage In Streams (778 KB)

Fish Passage Criteria (44 KB)

Fish Passage Restoration (270 KB)

Fish Passage Restoration (232 KB)

Fish Passage Through Culverts An Annotated Bibliography (132 KB)

Guidelines For Salmonid Passage At Stream Crossings (72 KB)

How well are Oregon's Forest Landowners and Operators Complying with Fish Passage Requirements at Stream Crossings? (304 KB)

Lower Alameda Creek Fish Passage (906 KB)

Manitoba Stream Crossing Guidelines For The Protection Of Fish And Fish Habitat (1,171 KB)

National Fish Passage Program (197KB)

Overview Assessment of Fish Passage at Stream Crossings within Selected Watersheds (1,661 KB)

Policy and Guidelines for Fish Friendly Waterway Crossings (229 KB)

Recommendations for improving fish passage (516 KB)

Salmonid Passage At Stream Crossings (61 KB)

Stonybrook Creek Fish Passage Assessment (1,416 KB)

The Use of Angled Bar Racks and Louvers (1,085 KB)

Upstream Fish Passage Technologies (200 KB)

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