Dedicated To Tribal Aquaculture Programs
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December 2006 ~ Volume 58 | ||
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Topics Of Interest:
* Aquatic Weed Management ~ Control Methods
* Aquatic Weed Management ~ Herbicides
* SolarBee Solar-Powered Circulators
Radon Gas Removal Made Easy
By: MTAN
If your station is experiencing problems with radon gas, you may want to consider adopting the system developed by William Dryer (Bozeman Fish technology Center) and Wesley Orr (Ennis NFH). This system is now being used at the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Fish Hatchery. A secondary advantage enjoyed by the staff is the incoming water noise reduction that results form this technique. For more information, please contact Gene Mensch, Fish & Wildlife Biologist, Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, 906/524/5757 ext. 12.
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| Cut two holes in a plastic 20 gallon storage container for the main water inlet and air discharge pipes. Mount the container 4 inches below the water line. | As the water flows into the tank, the radon gas escapes into the storage container and is then discharged through the vent pipe. |
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| The vent pipe is routed in the direction of the nearest wall. | Venting system leading to the outside. |
Aquatic Weed Management ~ Control Methods
By: James L. Shelton and Tim R. Murphy Southern Regional Aquaculture Center
Many different aquatic plants can be found in, on and around fish culture ponds. These plants range from microscopic organisms known as plankton algae which drift suspended in the water, to larger plants rooted in the pond bottom. Certain types of aquatic plants are essential for fish production. However, aquatic plants that interfere with fish production are considered to be weeds. Intensive fish production often involves adding large amounts of commercial feeds and inorganic fertilizers to ponds. Nutrients introduced into the water through feeds and fertilizers often create an ideal habitat for aquatic weed growth.
Submersed aquatic weeds are particularly undesirable because fish harvesting seines will ride up over the weeds and allow fish to escape. Ponds with dense weed infestations can be impossible to harvest since the weight of the weeds accumulating in the seine can become too great to be pulled. Additionally, separating fish from weeds is a slow process and can severely stress the fish.
Aquatic weeds
Aquatic plants that cause weed problems may be placed into four
groups:
- algae
- floating weeds
- immersed weeds (foliage above water) and
- submersed weeds (majority of foliage below water)
Algae are the most common group of weeds in aquaculture ponds. Shape and size vary from microscopic single or multiple celled plants to branched plants that resemble submersed aquatic weeds. Unlike other aquatic plants, algae do not produce flowers or seeds. Algae are divided into three groups:
- plankton algae
- filamentous algae (pond moss) and
- stoneworts
Plankton algae produce the majority of dissolved oxygen in the pond and are essential to fish survival. In the presence of sunlight, green plants release oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis. At night, plants and other pond organisms consume oxygen. Because of this diurnal cycle, oxygen concentrations are the lowest at dawn and highest in the mid-afternoon. Cycle imbalances can lead to oxygen depletion and subsequent fish death.
Excessive plankton algae may result from the high feeding rates necessary to produce large fish yields. In many cases, fish production rates are limited by the amount of feed that can be applied without plankton algae blooms becoming so dense that dissolved oxygen problems cannot be managed. The complexity of this cycle makes attempts to treat ponds with algaecides to “thin out” excess algae growth very risky. Although spot treatments of plankton algae scums are effective, problems with low dissolved oxygen concentrations following algaecide applications limit their use in fish culture primarily for the control of filamentous algae and stoneworts. Certain types of algae produce compounds which cause a musty flavor or odor in fish flesh. These compounds are absorbed by the fish and can cause a highly offensive taste known as “off-flavor.” This condition can be corrected within 3 to 10 days if fish are moved to water that does not contain these “off-flavor”compounds.
There is no definitive evidence that thinning the plankton algae bloom with algaecides reduces the incidence of “off-flavor.”
Floating weeds float in or on the surface of the water and obtain their nutrients from water rather than soil. Duckweed and watermeal are examples of common floating weeds. Immersed weeds are rooted to the bottom, but have stems, leaves and flowers which extend above the water surface. They primarily occur on the shoreline and in shallow water up to 10feet deep. Common immersed weeds are waterlily and alligatorweed.
Submersed aquatic weeds grow under and up to the water surface. Most submersed weeds have flowers and seedheads that extend above the surface of the water. Examples of common submersed weeds include hydrilla and Brazilian elodea.
Management methods
Aquatic weed control is a management plan that
incorporates preventive methods such as proper pond construction and maintenance
and the use of labeled aquatic herbicides. The development of an aquatic weed
management plan is dependent upon correctly identifying the problem weeds and
selecting control methods that are compatible with efficient fish culture
procedures.
Basic methods used to control weeds include preventive, mechanical and chemical techniques. Determining which of these techniques to use involves consideration of the target weed species, fish production objectives for the pond, secondary water uses and the cost of treatment options.
Preventive methods
It is easier and less costly to prevent weed problems than it is to control
them once they develop.
Careful pond site selection and proper pond construction practices are the first steps in preventing aquatic weed problems. Rooted aquatic weeds and algae usually begin growing in shallow water ( < 2 feet). Edges of new and existing ponds should be deepened so shallow water areas are minimized. The USDA Soil Conservation Service provides technical assistance for pond construction and renovation.
Farm ponds are commonly fertilized to increase the fish production capacity of the pond. Fertilization is also an effective and economical way to prevent the growth of many aquatic weeds. Fertilization stimulates the growth of plankton algae.
Decreasing the pond water level exposes shallow areas to freezing temperatures and drying can effectively limit certain types of submersed weeds. For a drawdown to be effective, the water level should be lowered in the late fall and not allowed to refill until the early spring. Some weeds, such as hydrilla and cattail, are tolerant to drawdown and cannot be controlled by this method.
Mechanical methods Various types of aquatic weed cutters and harvesters have been developed for canals and large reservoirs. Use of these machines is not practical in fish ponds. Early manual removal of weeds by seining or raking can prevent some weed problems.
Chemical control
Herbicides may be used to control weeds in commercial fish
ponds. The first step in successful chemical control is accurate identification
of the problem weed. Weed identification assistance is available through county
Extension and Department of Natural Resources offices. After the weed has been
identified, an herbicide that is labeled for commercial fish ponds may be
selected. The herbicide label must be read and fully understood by the user
prior to application to the pond. SRAC Publication No. 361, Aquatic Weed
Management -Herbicides, contains information on commercial fish pond herbicides.
Integrated weed management
Herbicides should be considered as a temporary
control method. Depending upon the herbicide selection and the weed species,
duration of control can range from a few weeks to several months. Long-term weed
control can be achieved by using a combination of recommended aquatic weed
methods.
Aquatic Weed Management ~ Herbicides
By: Michael P. Masser, Tim R. Murphy and James L. Shelton
Managers can quickly and economically control problem weeds in fish ponds with aquatic herbicides. However, herbicides are just one method of managing aquatic weeds. There are also: 1) preventive methods such as proper pond site selection and construction, fertilization and periodic draw-downs; 2) biological methods; and 3) mechanical methods such as cutting, seining and raking. Using a combination of methods, within a comprehensive plan, is the most cost effective and environmentally safe way to manage aquatic weeds. SRAC Publication No. 360, Aquatic Weed Management - Control Methods (pdf), contains additional information on the various methods used to control undesirable weeds in fish ponds. Once undesirable weeds are eliminated, applying fertilizer periodically will stimulate planktonic algal blooms that suppress the growth of submerged weeds.
Herbicide selection
The effectiveness of herbicides varies. The first critical
step in selecting an appropriate herbicide is identifying the weed. The herbicide selected must be labeled for use
with food fish. It is important to note any water-use restrictions that may
prevent the application of an herbicide in a particular situation on a specific
body of water. Restrictions on secondary water uses (i.e., swimming, livestock
watering, and irrigation) also must be considered before an herbicide is applied.
Application timing
The best time to apply herbicide is in the spring when
water temperature is between 70 and 80F. At this time of the year, weeds are
small and easier to control than during the summer, and levels of dissolved
oxygen in the water are usually higher. Aquatic herbicides are not toxic to fish
when applied according to label directions.
However, after aquatic weeds are killed the decomposition process consumes oxygen and can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.
If large quantities of aquatic weeds are killed, their decomposition can reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration to such a low level that fish die. It is important to observe fish closely for 1 week after treatment. Have emergency aeration equipment handy and aerate the pond if fish seem stressed. Treating a pond with herbicides during the hot summer months is risky, because at this time of year dissolved oxygen concentrations tend to be lower and weed biomass higher. Treating only one-fourth to one-third of the total surface area of a pond at one time can minimize the risk of depleting dissolved oxygen. However, some herbicides cannot be used for partial pond treatments. During the summer, even partial treatments may be risky in some ponds.
Application methods
The herbicide formulation and the weed species determine
the application method. Many herbicides can be applied directly from the
container, while others must be diluted with water first. To treat large areas
you will need a mechanical sprayer or spreader and a power boat to ensure
adequate distribution of the chemical. Sprayable herbicide formulations can be
applied with hand-held or mechanical pressurized sprayers or with a boat bailer.
Injecting the chemical near the outboard motor propwash will help it disperse.
Hand-operated or mechanical rotary spreaders can be used to apply granular or
pelleted formulations. Soluble crystals, such as copper sulfate, can be
dissolved in water and sprayed over the pond; or, the required amount can be
placed in burlap bags and dragged behind a boat, or suspended in the water near
an aerator, until the herbicide dissolves. If herbicide will be applied to
emergent weed foliage, adding a surfactant to the chemical may help it wet and
penetrate the foliage. Surfactants are not recommended when treating
submerged weeds.
Use only registered aquatic surfactants and follow product label directions.
Herbicide dosage
Aquatic herbicides must be applied at labeled rates.
Application rates were developed from extensive research and provide effective,
yet safe, weed control. Applying an excessive rate of an herbicide does not
provide better weed control but does increase the cost of the treatment and may
increase the risk of injury to fish and other organisms. Applying less than the
recommended rate usually results in poor weed control. Some herbicides, such as
those for control of emergent plants, are applied on the basis of the area to be
treated. Others, such as those used to control certain submerged weeds, are
applied on the basis of the volume of water to be treated. Read the label
instructions carefully, because mistakes in calculating treatment rates can be
costly and dangerous. For information on calculating the area and volume of
ponds see SRAC Publication No. 103, Calculating Area and Volume of Ponds and
Tanks (pdf). Surface acre treatments: The amount of herbicide needed for a
surface acre treatment is determined by the following formula: F = A x R F =
Amount of formulated herbicide product. A = Area of the water surface in acres R
= Recommended rate of product per surface acre.
Acre-foot treatments: An acre-foot of water equals 1 surface acre of water that is 1 foot deep. The number of acre-feet of water can be found by multiplying the number of surface acres times the average water depth. The amount of herbicide needed for an acre-foot treatment is determined by the following formula: F = A x D x R F = Amount of formulated herbicide product A = Area of the water surface in acres D = Average depth of water in feet R = Recommended rate of product per acre-foot.
PPMW treatments: Some treatment rates are given as the final concentration of the chemical in the water body on a part per million by weight (ppmw) basis. The amount of herbicide needed for a ppmw treatment is determined by the following formula: F= (A x D x CF x ECC) I F = Amount of formulated herbicide product A = Area of the water surface in acres D = Average depth of the water in feet CF = 2.72 pounds/acre-foot (the conversion factor—CF— when total water volume is expressed on an acre-foot basis; 2.72 pounds of a herbicide per acre-foot of water is equal to 1 ppmw) ECC = Effective chemical concentration of the herbicide’s active ingredient that is needed in the water to control the weed I = The total amount of active ingredient divided by the total amount of active and inert ingredients. For liquid products, I = pounds of active ingredient 1 gallon For dry products, I = percent active ingredient 100%
Aquatic herbicides
The herbicides discussed in this section are labeled for
use in commercial fish production ponds. Before using any herbicide, read and
understand the label. Copper Sulfate (often
called Blue Stone), is primarily used to control algae. It is a contact
herbicide. However, it does not control algae such as Pithophora. Copper can
interfere with gill functions and, if improperly used, can be toxic to fish and
zooplankton. Trout and koi are particularly sensitive to copper. However, most
fish kills after copper sulfate treatment are related to a massive algae kill
and the subsequent depletion of dissolved oxygen. The effectiveness and safety
of copper sulfate are determined by pH, alkalinity, hardness, water temperature,
and several other environmental factors. In water with an alkalinity ≤ 50 ppm,
the rate of copper sulfate needed to control algae can be toxic to fish. Copper
treatment at water alkalinities of ≤ 20 ppm is extremely risky and should be
avoided. In high alkalinity (≥ 250 ppm) water, copper sulfate quickly
precipitates out and is not effective for algae control. The toxicity of copper
sulfate to fish increases as water temperature increases. Avoid copper sulfate
applications during hot summer months. For additional information on treating
with copper, see SRAC Publication No. 410, Calculating Treatments for Ponds and
Tanks (pdf).
Chelated Copper is used to control planktonic and filamentous algae. Chelated copper formulations do not readily precipitate in high alkalinity waters, but stay in solution and remain active longer than copper sulfate. Chelated coppers are sometimes mixed with other aquatic herbicides (e.g., diquat) to better control algae as well as certain species of submerged plants. Chelated copper is less corrosive to application equipment than copper sulfate. It is also slightly less toxic to fish. However, in water with low alkalinity (≤ 20 ppm), or in water with an alkalinity of ≤ 50 ppm that contains trout, it is extremely risky to use chelated copper, particularly during the hot summer months.
Diquat is a contact herbicide that can be sprayed on or injected into water to control submerged weeds and filamentous algae; or, it can be sprayed on duckweed or emergent vegetation. Repeated applications on surface mats of algae may be necessary. An approved non-ionic surfactant is required when diquat is used as a foliar application. Diquat binds tightly to clay particles and is not effective in muddy water or on mud-coated weeds. Diquat quickly kills plants and should be used as a partial pond treatment for dense vegetation.
Fluridone controls most submerged and emergent weeds and is available as a liquid or pelleted formulation. Liquid formulations also control duckweed and water-meal. Fluridone is a translocated herbicide that slowly kills plants over a 30- to 90-day period. Its slow action generally prevents the depletion of dissolved oxygen. Fluridone is not effective as a spot treatment. The entire pond must be treated to control the target weed.
Glyphosate is a foliar-applied, translocated herbicide used to control most shoreline vegetation and several emergent weeds such as spatterdock and alligatorweed. Glyphosate translocates from the treated foliage to underground storage organs such as rhizomes. It is most effective when applied during the weed’s flowering or fruiting stage. An approved non-ionic surfactant should be used with glyphosate. If rain falls within 6 hours of application, the effectiveness of glyphosate will be reduced.
2,4-D is a translocated herbicide that is available as a granular or liquid formulation. Granular 2,4-D controls submerged weeds such as coontail and emergent weeds such as water lily and water shield. Liquid formulations of 2,4-D are used to control floating weeds such as water hyacinth and several emergent weeds. 2,4-D is available as an ester or amine formulation. Amine formulations are slightly better for aquatic applications because they are less toxic to fish, although the granular ester form is safe to use. Only those formulations of 2,4-D that are labeled for aquaculture are legal to use in culture situations.
The information and suggestions included in this publication reflect the opinions of Extension fisheries specialists based on field tests and treatment experience. Management suggestions are based on research and are generally effective. Conditions or circumstances which are unforeseen or unexpected may lead to less than satisfactory results even when best management practices are used. Neither the Cooperative Extension Service nor the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center assumes responsibility for such occurrences.
All risk shall be assumed by the applicator.
SolarBee Solar-Powered Circulators Provide Water Quality
Improvements
By: SolarBee - Pump Systems, Inc.
The SolarBee is an excellent solution for solving mixing problems in water reservoirs and lakes. Most reservoirs have mixing problems that lead to stagnant water conditions. The SolarBee is a long distance impact circulator that can be installed inside the reservoir with the solar panels mounted on the outside. The units require no regular maintenance. Although "NOT" applicable to aquaculture demands for increasing oxygen levels for "extensive" fish production, this system can improve oxygen levels and reduce blue-green algae in lakes. A Potable Water (3 minute) video, photos and other potable water information are available at: http://www.solarbee.com/video.shtml
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In
freshwater lakes and reservoirs, SolarBee solves problems of blue-green algae, taste
and odor, and release of iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide from bottom
sediments. - In freshwater lakes and reservoirs for fishery improvement, In recreational lakes and ponds, the SolarBee can provide blue-green algae control, increase oxygen levels, prevent fish kills, improve fish habitats and enhance the recreational and environmental value.
- In stormwater ponds, the SolarBee provides blue-green algae control, odor control and eliminates aesthetic issues.
Please call or email us at SolarBee to request a system evaluation, quotation or feel free to call with any questions or comments. Harvey Hibl, Regional Manager, Westminster, CO, 303-469-4001, 877-469-4001 (Toll Free).
Installation and use of Axial and Centrifugal Flow Pumps
By: David R. Wood and Gary C. Luisi, Fish Farming News, 2006
Choosing a water pump for recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) based on proper sizing and price is standard practice throughout the aquaculture industry.
The need for choosing a pump that can provide the proper power to overcome head loss while being easy to maintain and cost effective is crucial for aquatic animal culture.
However, other considerations exist for choosing pumps that are independent of price or size. A comprehensive system design can aid in pump selection and will include planning for the rigorous use encountered in a RAS. Ideally a thorough system design will include not only issues of cost such as a comparative cost analysis of several market varieties of pumps, cost of labor involved in installation and maintenance, and any warranty issues, but also the electrical requirements of the pump, material the pump is made out of, the salinity of the system, and placement of the pump in the system. This will not only insure proper pump choice for the system design but increase cost savings for the life of the pump.
Axial or centrifugal?
Two types of pumps are commonly used in RAS's, axial and centrifugal flow.
These pumps differ primarily in the way the water goes through the pump.
- In an axial pump, the inflow and the outflow go in the same direction as the rotation of the blades. Axial pumps increase water velocity without increasing its pressure.
- In a centrifugal pump, the direction of water discharge is at a right angle to the direction of the incoming water. The water moves into the pump to an impeller that spins, causing the water to whirl away from the impeller. The water is then channeled out of the pump via a circular casing around the impeller. Since the water is cast out equally in all directions, there is no net increase in the velocity, but the water is discharged with more pressure.
Because of these mechanical differences, each pump has its own unique uses that should be carefully considered. A typical RAS consists of water being pumped from a sump to a higher elevation point from which it flows by gravity, through the system. Depending on the types of biofiltration, solid removal, ozonation, and oxygenation components the water is being pumped through, the system can be classified as either a "low-head" or a "high-head" system.
Low-head systems
Systems categorized as low-head are usually large, such as growout systems,
which do not have high pressure components and work primarily by gravity. Axial
flow pumps are very efficient at head ranges of 8' to 20' and are designed for
pumping high volumes of water. For this reason, properly sized axial flow pumps
submerged in the sump will provide plenty of flow for low-head systems. Because
they are submerged in the sump, these pumps also have reduced sound and heat
generation. A downside of submerged axial pumps is they are exposed to water
and can corrode over time especially if used in a saltwater system.
A way to prevent the level of corrosion that will damage a pump is to disassemble the pump for a thorough cleaning and degreasing. Then use a two-part epoxy metal primer to coat all parts that come in contact with water. Allow the primer to dry for a minimum of 24 hours then use a two-part finishing coat on the pump taking care to use a thin coat around the impellers. The impellers should spin freely after the pump is dry. When reassembling, it is advisable to use an aqueous lubricant on all hardware.
Let the pump dry for at least 48 hours after coating, then the pump is soaked in water for another 48 hours, making sure to change the water two to three times. The pump is then ready to be submerged in the sump and electrically connected.
High-head systems
In contrast to a low-head system, a high-head system has several components
that add to the dynamic head of the system, such as pressurized biofilters or
oxygenation cones. Although somewhat less efficient than axial pumps,
centrifugal pumps are widely used in aquaculture and have the ability to add
water pressure to the system. This makes them an excellent choice for high-head
systems.
One of the downsides to centrifugal pumps is that they generate a large amount of heat and noise. One solution to this is to position the pumps outside the facility. However, this solution increases the pump's exposure to the elements and will decrease the life of the pump unless precautions are made. Keeping the pump out of direct sunlight and pre-treating it will increase its operating life.
Plan ahead for repair
Whether using an axial or centrifugal pump, be sure to plumb-in check valves
and water shunting valves to enable the efficient removal of the pump in case of
needed repair. This is especially true for electrical maintenance.
In general, all pumps and motor controls with electrical hookups should be accessible with clear access (no obstruction) in front of the electrical devices. Depending on the voltage of the component there is a height and width requirement. The national electrical code states the requirements for all space allocation for electrical devices.
There are several factors to consider when using any electrical device in an aquaculture facility and pumps are no different:
- Ensure that the pump is properly grounded and bonded to reduce the chance of it becoming a sacrificial anode. This condition speeds up the effect of electrolysis reducing the pump life.
- When wiring a pump care must be taken to ensure the proper rotation of the pump. If the phasing is not correct the equipment (mainly a motor) will rotate counterclockwise and will not function as designed and cause damage the pump. Use a phase rotation meter to identify the correct phasing of the supply conductors to ensure that the pump is wired correctly. If the motor is running counterclockwise all that is needed is to swap any two of the three-phase supply conductors.
- All motors have a wiring diagram on them as to which wires to connect to the supply conductors (LI, L2 & L3), and which motor wires to interconnect for the required voltage.
- When installing a submersible pump, always use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). They are designed to protect people from electrical shock by interrupting a circuit if there is a difference in potential in the currents flowing between the hot and neutral conductor.
- Fuses and circuit breakers are not adequate protection from electrocution and are only designed to protect wiring and equipment. The national electrical code specifies the locations where GFCI's are to be installed. Generally a GFCI should be placed where the use of portable electrical devices are used near damp or wet locations. GFCI's are available for specific voltages, and for single-phase and three-phase applications.
Know your voltage
When purchasing equipment for your facility, know the supply voltage of the
facility. Under-voltage and over-voltage can damage a motor and shorten its life
span. Electrical equipment is manufactured with a +/- 5% voltage tolerance.
Most motors are dual voltage such as 115/230 volt. To change the motor voltage
from 230 to 115 volt operation, refer to the schematic (wiring diagram) on the
motor casing or on the motor junction box. Rewire the internal motor leads for
115 volt operation. This will also increase the amperage draw for that motor.
For a three-phase motor, a boosting transformer or auto-transformer must be installed to provide the correct voltage. If the incoming supply voltage is different from the motor voltage, and the system uses a large number of motors, install a distribution system to deliver the correct voltage to the motors.
All electrical equipment should be properly grounded thru an equipment grounding conductor. If a ground connection looks corroded disconnect it and clean the surface. Use a wire brush on the surface and on the wire. Reconnect the ground wire and coat with an electrical sealant.
Power concerns
There are also many variables to address when considering the use of
emergency power devices:
- The kilowatt (kw) rating of the generator being used,
- The load connected to the generator,
- The emergency power distribution, and
- The use of magnetic contactors and manual motor starters should all be factored in.
In general, an emergency generator should be sequentially connected to its load and must be sized based on the connected load. Avoid connecting an instantaneous load on the generator. This creates an inrush current once power is restored after a power outage event. Depending on the size of the inrush current it might trip the generators main breaker.
There are two methods that can be used to avoid a significant inrush current. For small loads (without a transfer switch) turn off all the equipment. Start the generator, and then turn on equipment one at a time. For generators with a transfer switch, the installation of timers ahead of the motors is a solution. Select time frames and then select groups of equipment to be energized for those time frames. An additional concern in using emergency power supply devices is the use of magnetic contactors and magnetic starters. These devices are designed to require equipment to be started manually once power is disrupted. This is a safety design so the equipment will not restart automatically thereby damaging it.
A pump starting automatically after a power outage without proper water flow is an example. The use of a magnetic contactors and starters would not be recommended for use on equipment that needs to start automatically after a power outage - such as an air supply blower. In this case use a manual starter.
Selection of equipment based upon this application is important. Taking time to consider all factors involved in pump selection will save time and money, and increase confidence in the performance of a system. Understanding individual and group contributions of the pump will enable an aquaculture manager to make appropriate system design and operation decisions.
AFS 36th Annual Meeting
Milwaukee, Wisconsin -where Great Lakes and inland fisheries
converge-is the venue for the 36th Annual Meeting of the Wisconsin Chapter of the American Fisheries Society to be held January 9-11, 2007.
This conference explores the relationship between fisheries, management, and people, recognizing that each affects, and has an effect on, the other. An array of relevant topics will be explored in depth with this complexity in mind. The conference will have something for everyone - from specialized fisheries scientists and professionals to researchers to managers and budding Young-of-Year students. Experts in their respective fields will gather to share their knowledge, network, as well as learn.
This conference will continue to offer an opportunity to learn about cutting edge biological, genetic, and ecological research and management currently going on throughout the State of Wisconsin. This conference will also feature social aspects of fisheries management such as: perception and impact of bag limits and signage regulations on fisheries (Do they work?), tournament fishing issues, successful private-public partnerships that lead to protection and enhancement of fisheries, relationship between fisheries and economies of local communities.
Join us at downtown Milwaukee's high-class Hyatt Regency, in the heart of downtown Milwaukee. Reservations for the conference should be made no later than Dec, 11, 2006, to take advantage of the special conference rate. Hotel Reservation Department phone 414-276-1234, 800-233-1234.
For more information contact: Tom Slawski President Elect, Wt-AFS W239 N1812 Rockwood Dr. P.O. Box 1607 Waukesha, Wl 53187-1607 Email: tsiawski@sewrpc.org Phone: 262-547-6721 Fax:262-547-1103.
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Product and company names mentioned in this publication are for informational purposes only. It does not imply endorsement by the MTAN or the U.S. Government. |
