|
| Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge BIRD CHECKLIST |
|
Season |
|
Relative Abundance |
|
|
|
Spring |
March-May |
|
a |
abundant |
a species which is very numerous |
|
|
Summer |
June-August |
|
c |
common |
likely to be seen or heard in
suitable |
|
|
|
|
Fall |
September-November |
|
u |
uncommon |
present, but not certain to be
seen |
|
|
Winter |
December-February |
|
|
|
o |
occasional |
seen only a few times during a
season |
|
|
r |
rare |
may be present, but not every year |
|
|
|
v |
accidental |
unusual occurrence |
|
|
|
* |
*Birds known to nest on or near the
refuge |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spring |
Summer |
Fall |
Winter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| LOONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Common loon |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| GREBES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pied-billed grebe |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CORMORANTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Double-crested cormorant |
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BITTERNS,
HERONS, EGRETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Great blue heron |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
u |
|
| * |
Green heron |
|
|
|
u |
u |
o |
|
|
| * |
American bittern |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
|
|
| |
Least bittern |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Great egret |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| IBISES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
White ibis |
|
|
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SWANS,
GEESE and DUCKS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Tundra swan |
|
|
|
r |
v |
r |
r |
|
| * |
Canada goose |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| |
Snow goose |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
| |
Ring-necked duck |
|
|
|
c |
|
c |
|
|
| * |
Wood duck |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
|
|
| * |
American black duck |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Mallard |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| |
Blue-winged teal |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
| |
Northern pintail |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
| |
Green-winged teal |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
| |
Bufflehead |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
| |
Hooded merganser |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
| |
Common merganser |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
| |
Red-breasted merganser |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gadwall |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
| |
Canvasback |
|
|
|
r/v |
|
r/v |
r/v |
|
| |
Redhead |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
| |
Greater scaup |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
| |
Lesser scaup |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
| |
Common goleneye |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| VULTURES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Turkey vulture |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| |
Black vulture |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| OSPREY,
HAWKS and EAGLES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Osprey |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
| |
Bald eagle |
|
|
|
o |
|
o |
o |
|
| |
Northern harrier |
|
|
|
c |
u |
c |
|
|
| * |
Sharp-shinned hawk |
|
|
|
|
u |
r |
|
|
| * |
Cooper's hawk |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Red-shouldered hawk |
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Red-tailed hawk |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Broad-winged hawk |
|
|
|
|
u |
|
|
|
| |
Rough-legged hawk |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
u |
|
| * |
Northern goshawk |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| |
Golden eagle |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| FALCONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
American kestrel |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| |
Peregrine falcon |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Merlin |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| GALLINACEOUS
BIRDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Ruffed grouse |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| * |
Northern bobwhite |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| * |
Wild turkey |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RAILS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Virginia rail |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
|
|
| * |
Sora rail |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
|
|
| |
Yellow rail |
|
|
|
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| PLOVERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Killdeer |
|
|
|
c |
a |
r |
|
|
| |
Lesser golden plover |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Semipalmated plover |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SANDPIPERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Greater yellowlegs |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| |
Solitary sandpiper |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| |
Spotted sandpiper |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| * |
Common snipe |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
American woodcock |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| |
Upland sandpiper |
|
|
|
v |
|
v |
|
|
| |
Semipalmated sandpiper |
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Pectoral sandpiper |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Short-billed dowitcher |
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| GULLS
and TERNS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ring-billed gull |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| |
Herring gull |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Common tern |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Bonaparte's Gull |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| DOVES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Mourning dove |
|
|
|
u |
c |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CUCKOOS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Yellow-billed cuckoo |
|
|
|
r |
o |
|
|
|
| * |
Black-billed cuckoo |
|
|
|
|
o |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| OWLS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern Screetch Owl |
|
|
r |
r |
r |
r |
|
| |
Barn owl |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| |
Short-eared owl |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
| |
Long-eared owl |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
r |
|
| * |
Barred owl |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Saw-whet owl |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
r |
|
| * |
Great horned owl |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NIGHTJARS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Common Nighthawk |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SWIFTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Chimney swift |
|
|
|
c |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HUMMINGBIRDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Ruby-throated hummingbird |
|
o |
u |
o |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| KINGFISHERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Belted kingfisher |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| WOODPECKERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Northern flicker |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| |
Yellow-bellied sapsucker |
|
|
r |
r |
r |
|
|
| * |
Downy woodpecker |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| * |
Hairy woodpecker |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Pileated woodpecker |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| |
Red-headed woodpecker |
|
|
r |
r |
r |
r |
|
| |
Red-bellied woodpecker |
|
|
u |
r |
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TYRANT
FLYCATCHERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern kingbird |
|
|
|
|
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Great crested flycatcher |
|
|
|
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern wood peewee |
|
|
|
o |
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern phoebe |
|
|
|
|
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Acadian flycatcher |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| |
Olive-sided flycatcher |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| * |
Alder flycatcher |
|
|
|
|
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Willow flycatcher |
|
|
|
|
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Least flycatcher |
|
|
|
|
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| LARKS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Horned lark |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SWALLOWS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Tree swallow |
|
|
|
|
a |
|
|
|
| * |
Barn swallow |
|
|
|
|
c |
|
|
|
| |
Cliff swallow |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| |
N. Rough-winged swallow |
|
|
|
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CROWS
and JAYS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Blue jay |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| * |
American crow |
|
|
|
a |
a |
a |
a |
|
| * |
Common raven |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TITMICE
and CHICKADEES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Black-capped chickadee |
|
|
a |
a |
a |
a |
|
| * |
Tufted titmouse |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| |
Carolina chickadee |
|
|
|
v |
v |
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NUTHATCHES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Red-breasted nuthatch |
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
White-breasted nuthatch |
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CREEPERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Brown creeper |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| WRENS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Carolina wren |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Winter wren |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
House wren |
|
|
|
u |
c |
|
|
|
| |
Sedge wren |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| |
Marsh wren |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| KINGLETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Golden-crowned kinglet |
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| |
Ruby-crowned kinglet |
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| |
Blue-gray gnatcatcher |
|
|
U |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| THRUSHES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern bluebird |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| * |
Wood Thrush |
|
|
|
u |
o |
r |
|
|
| * |
Veery |
|
|
|
|
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Hermit thrush |
|
|
|
|
c |
u |
r |
|
| |
Swainson's thrush |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| * |
American robin |
|
|
|
c |
a |
u |
o |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MIMIC
THRUSHES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Gray catbird |
|
|
|
c |
a |
u |
|
|
| * |
Brown thrasher |
|
|
|
u |
c |
|
|
|
| |
Northern mockingbird |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| STARLINGS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
European starling |
|
|
|
a |
a |
a |
a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| PIPET |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
American pipit |
|
|
|
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| WAXWINGS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Cedar waxwing |
|
|
|
c/u |
c/u |
c/u |
c/u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| VIREOS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Yellow-throated vireo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Red-eyed vireo |
|
|
|
c |
a |
u |
|
|
| * |
Blue-headed vireo |
|
|
|
c |
c |
u |
|
|
| |
White-eyed vireo |
|
|
|
|
u |
|
|
|
| |
Warbling vireo |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| WOOD
WARBLERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Golden-winged warbler |
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| * |
Blue-winged warbler |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| |
Black-and-white warbler |
|
|
u |
r |
|
|
|
| * |
Black-throated blue warbler |
|
|
c |
c |
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Blackburnian warbler |
|
|
|
u |
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Chestnut-sided warbler |
|
|
u |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Magnolia warbler |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Yellow-rumped warbler |
|
|
c |
r |
c |
c |
|
| * |
Black-throated green warbler |
|
|
c |
a |
|
|
|
| * |
Yellow warbler |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Ovenbird |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Common yellowthroat |
|
|
a |
a |
|
|
|
| * |
American redstart |
|
|
|
c |
u |
|
|
|
| |
Pine warbler |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| * |
Northern waterthrush |
|
|
|
u |
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Louisiana waterthrush |
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| |
Tennessee warbler |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
|
|
| * |
Nashville warbler |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| * |
Northern parula |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| |
Cape May warbler |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
| |
Bay-breasted warbler |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Blackpoll warbler |
|
|
|
r |
|
r |
|
|
| |
Worm-eating warbler |
|
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
| * |
Cerulean warbler |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| |
Mourning warbler |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| |
Kentucky warbler |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
| |
Yellow-breasted chat |
|
|
|
r |
r |
r |
|
|
|
| * |
Canada warber |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
|
|
|
| |
Hooded warbler |
|
|
|
c |
u |
|
|
|
| |
Palm Warbler |
|
|
|
r |
|
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TANAGERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Scarlet tanager |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SPARROWS
and TOWHEES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern towhee |
|
|
|
a |
a |
|
|
|
| * |
Grasshopper sparrow |
|
|
|
u |
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Vesper sparrow |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
|
|
| * |
Savannah sparrow |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Song sparrow |
|
|
|
a |
a |
a |
a |
|
| * |
Field sparrow |
|
|
|
c |
c |
u |
r |
|
|
| * |
Chipping sparrow |
|
|
|
c |
c |
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Dark-eyed junco |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
|
| |
White-throated sparrow |
|
|
c |
|
c |
c |
|
|
| |
Fox sparrow |
|
|
|
u |
|
u |
u |
|
|
| * |
American Tree sparrow |
|
|
|
|
|
u |
|
|
| * |
Swamp sparrow |
|
|
|
u |
u/c |
|
|
|
|
| |
White-crowned sparrow |
|
|
r |
|
r |
r |
|
| * |
Clay-colored sparrow |
|
|
|
r |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CARDINALS,
GROSBEAKS and ALLIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Northern cardinal |
|
|
|
u |
r |
u |
u |
|
| * |
Indigo bunting |
|
|
|
a |
a |
|
|
|
| * |
Rose-breasted grosbeak |
|
|
c |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BLACKBIRDS
and ORIOLES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
Bobolink |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Red-winged blackbird |
|
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Eastern meadowlark |
|
|
|
c |
c |
u |
|
|
|
| * |
Brown-headed cowbird |
|
|
c |
c |
|
|
|
| * |
Common grackle |
|
|
|
c |
c |
c |
c |
|
| * |
Northern oriole |
|
|
|
u |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| FINCHES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
American goldfinch |
|
|
|
a |
a |
a |
a |
|
| |
Red crossbill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
r |
|
| |
Pine siskin |
|
|
|
|
r |
r |
u |
|
| |
Evening grosbeak |
|
|
|
u |
|
|
u |
|
| * |
Purple finch |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| * |
House finch |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
| * |
House sparrow |
|
|
|
u |
u |
u |
u |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Last updated:
June 12, 2009