| Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge BIRD CHECKLIST | |||||||||||
| Season | Relative Abundance | ||||||||||
| Spring | March-May | a | abundant | a species which is very numerous | |||||||
| Summer | June-August | c | common | likely to be seen or heard in suitable | |||||||
| Fall | September-November | u | uncommon | present, but not certain to be seen | |||||||
| Winter | December-February | ||||||||||
| o | occasional | seen only a few times during a season | |||||||||
| r | rare | may be present, but not every year | |||||||||
| v | accidental | unusual occurrence | |||||||||
| * | *Birds known to nest on or near the refuge | ||||||||||
| Spring | Summer | Fall | Winter | ||||||||
| LOONS | |||||||||||
| Common loon | r | r | r | ||||||||
| GREBES | |||||||||||
| Pied-billed grebe | o | o | o | o | |||||||
| CORMORANTS | |||||||||||
| Double-crested cormorant | r | r | r | ||||||||
| BITTERNS, HERONS, EGRETS | |||||||||||
| Great blue heron | c | c | c | u | |||||||
| * | Green heron | u | u | o | |||||||
| * | American bittern | r | r | r | |||||||
| Least bittern | r | r | |||||||||
| Great egret | r | r | |||||||||
| IBISES | |||||||||||
| White ibis | v | ||||||||||
| SWANS, GEESE and DUCKS | |||||||||||
| Tundra swan | r | v | r | r | |||||||
| * | Canada goose | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| Snow goose | r | r | r | ||||||||
| Ring-necked duck | c | c | |||||||||
| * | Wood duck | c | c | c | |||||||
| * | American black duck | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | Mallard | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| Blue-winged teal | u | u | u | ||||||||
| Northern pintail | r | r | r | ||||||||
| Green-winged teal | u | u | u | ||||||||
| Bufflehead | u | u | u | ||||||||
| Hooded merganser | u | u | u | ||||||||
| Common merganser | u | u | u | ||||||||
| Red-breasted merganser | |||||||||||
| Gadwall | u | u | u | ||||||||
| Canvasback | r/v | r/v | r/v | ||||||||
| Redhead | r | r | r | ||||||||
| Greater scaup | r | r | r | ||||||||
| Lesser scaup | r | r | r | ||||||||
| Common goleneye | r | r | r | ||||||||
| VULTURES | |||||||||||
| Turkey vulture | c | c | c | c | |||||||
| Black vulture | u | u | u | u | |||||||
| OSPREY, HAWKS and EAGLES | |||||||||||
| Osprey | o | o | o | o | |||||||
| Bald eagle | o | o | o | ||||||||
| Northern harrier | c | u | c | ||||||||
| * | Sharp-shinned hawk | u | r | ||||||||
| * | Cooper's hawk | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | Red-shouldered hawk | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | Red-tailed hawk | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | Broad-winged hawk | u | |||||||||
| Rough-legged hawk | r | u | |||||||||
| * | Northern goshawk | r | |||||||||
| Golden eagle | r | r | r | ||||||||
| FALCONS | |||||||||||
| * | American kestrel | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| Peregrine falcon | r | r | |||||||||
| Merlin | r | r | |||||||||
| GALLINACEOUS BIRDS | |||||||||||
| * | Ruffed grouse | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| * | Northern bobwhite | r | r | ||||||||
| * | Wild turkey | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| RAILS | |||||||||||
| * | Virginia rail | r | r | r | |||||||
| * | Sora rail | r | r | r | |||||||
| Yellow rail | v | ||||||||||
| PLOVERS | |||||||||||
| * | Killdeer | c | a | r | |||||||
| Lesser golden plover | r | r | |||||||||
| Semipalmated plover | r | r | |||||||||
| SANDPIPERS | |||||||||||
| Greater yellowlegs | u | u | |||||||||
| Solitary sandpiper | u | u | |||||||||
| Spotted sandpiper | u | u | |||||||||
| * | Common snipe | c | c | ||||||||
| * | American woodcock | c | c | ||||||||
| Upland sandpiper | v | v | |||||||||
| Semipalmated sandpiper | r | r | |||||||||
| Pectoral sandpiper | r | r | |||||||||
| Short-billed dowitcher | r | r | |||||||||
| GULLS and TERNS | |||||||||||
| Ring-billed gull | u | u | |||||||||
| Herring gull | r | r | |||||||||
| Common tern | r | r | |||||||||
| Bonaparte's Gull | r | ||||||||||
| DOVES | |||||||||||
| * | Mourning dove | u | c | u | |||||||
| CUCKOOS | |||||||||||
| * | Yellow-billed cuckoo | r | o | ||||||||
| * | Black-billed cuckoo | o | |||||||||
| OWLS | |||||||||||
| * | Eastern Screetch Owl | r | r | r | r | ||||||
| Barn owl | r | ||||||||||
| Short-eared owl | r | r | |||||||||
| Long-eared owl | r | r | r | r | |||||||
| * | Barred owl | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | Saw-whet owl | r | r | r | r | ||||||
| * | Great horned owl | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| NIGHTJARS | |||||||||||
| Common Nighthawk | r | ||||||||||
| SWIFTS | |||||||||||
| * | Chimney swift | c | c | ||||||||
| HUMMINGBIRDS | |||||||||||
| * | Ruby-throated hummingbird | o | u | o | |||||||
| KINGFISHERS | |||||||||||
| * | Belted kingfisher | c | c | c | u | ||||||
| WOODPECKERS | |||||||||||
| * | Northern flicker | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| Yellow-bellied sapsucker | r | r | r | ||||||||
| * | Downy woodpecker | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| * | Hairy woodpecker | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | Pileated woodpecker | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| Red-headed woodpecker | r | r | r | r | |||||||
| Red-bellied woodpecker | u | r | r | r | |||||||
| TYRANT FLYCATCHERS | |||||||||||
| * | Eastern kingbird | c | |||||||||
| * | Great crested flycatcher | u | |||||||||
| * | Eastern wood peewee | o | |||||||||
| * | Eastern phoebe | c | |||||||||
| * | Acadian flycatcher | r | |||||||||
| Olive-sided flycatcher | r | ||||||||||
| * | Alder flycatcher | c | |||||||||
| * | Willow flycatcher | u | |||||||||
| * | Least flycatcher | c | |||||||||
| LARKS | |||||||||||
| Horned lark | r | r | r | r | |||||||
| SWALLOWS | |||||||||||
| * | Tree swallow | a | |||||||||
| * | Barn swallow | c | |||||||||
| Cliff swallow | r | ||||||||||
| N. Rough-winged swallow | u | ||||||||||
| CROWS and JAYS | |||||||||||
| * | Blue jay | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| * | American crow | a | a | a | a | ||||||
| * | Common raven | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| TITMICE and CHICKADEES | |||||||||||
| * | Black-capped chickadee | a | a | a | a | ||||||
| * | Tufted titmouse | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| Carolina chickadee | v | v | v | v | |||||||
| NUTHATCHES | |||||||||||
| Red-breasted nuthatch | u | u | u | u | |||||||
| * | White-breasted nuthatch | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| CREEPERS | |||||||||||
| * | Brown creeper | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| WRENS | |||||||||||
| Carolina wren | u | u | u | u | |||||||
| * | Winter wren | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | House wren | u | c | ||||||||
| Sedge wren | r | ||||||||||
| Marsh wren | r | ||||||||||
| KINGLETS | |||||||||||
| * | Golden-crowned kinglet | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| Ruby-crowned kinglet | u | u | |||||||||
| Blue-gray gnatcatcher | U | u | |||||||||
| THRUSHES | |||||||||||
| * | Eastern bluebird | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| * | Wood Thrush | u | o | r | |||||||
| * | Veery | u | |||||||||
| * | Hermit thrush | c | u | r | |||||||
| Swainson's thrush | r | r | |||||||||
| * | American robin | c | a | u | o | ||||||
| MIMIC THRUSHES | |||||||||||
| * | Gray catbird | c | a | u | |||||||
| * | Brown thrasher | u | c | ||||||||
| Northern mockingbird | r | ||||||||||
| STARLINGS | |||||||||||
| * | European starling | a | a | a | a | ||||||
| PIPET | |||||||||||
| American pipit | v | ||||||||||
| WAXWINGS | |||||||||||
| * | Cedar waxwing | c/u | c/u | c/u | c/u | ||||||
| VIREOS | |||||||||||
| Yellow-throated vireo | |||||||||||
| * | Red-eyed vireo | c | a | u | |||||||
| * | Blue-headed vireo | c | c | u | |||||||
| White-eyed vireo | u | ||||||||||
| Warbling vireo | r | ||||||||||
| WOOD WARBLERS | |||||||||||
| * | Golden-winged warbler | r | r | ||||||||
| * | Blue-winged warbler | r | r | ||||||||
| Black-and-white warbler | u | r | |||||||||
| * | Black-throated blue warbler | c | c | u | |||||||
| * | Blackburnian warbler | u | u | ||||||||
| * | Chestnut-sided warbler | u | c | ||||||||
| * | Magnolia warbler | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Yellow-rumped warbler | c | r | c | c | ||||||
| * | Black-throated green warbler | c | a | ||||||||
| * | Yellow warbler | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Ovenbird | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Common yellowthroat | a | a | ||||||||
| * | American redstart | c | u | ||||||||
| Pine warbler | u | u | |||||||||
| * | Northern waterthrush | u | u | ||||||||
| * | Louisiana waterthrush | r | r | ||||||||
| Tennessee warbler | u | u | |||||||||
| * | Nashville warbler | r | r | ||||||||
| * | Northern parula | r | r | ||||||||
| Cape May warbler | r | ||||||||||
| Bay-breasted warbler | r | r | |||||||||
| Blackpoll warbler | r | r | |||||||||
| Worm-eating warbler | r | ||||||||||
| * | Cerulean warbler | r | r | ||||||||
| Mourning warbler | r | r | |||||||||
| Kentucky warbler | r | r | |||||||||
| Yellow-breasted chat | r | r | r | ||||||||
| * | Canada warber | u | u | u | |||||||
| Hooded warbler | c | u | |||||||||
| Palm Warbler | r | u | |||||||||
| TANAGERS | |||||||||||
| * | Scarlet tanager | c | c | ||||||||
| SPARROWS and TOWHEES | |||||||||||
| * | Eastern towhee | a | a | ||||||||
| * | Grasshopper sparrow | u | u | ||||||||
| * | Vesper sparrow | u | u | u | |||||||
| * | Savannah sparrow | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Song sparrow | a | a | a | a | ||||||
| * | Field sparrow | c | c | u | r | ||||||
| * | Chipping sparrow | c | c | u | |||||||
| * | Dark-eyed junco | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| White-throated sparrow | c | c | c | ||||||||
| Fox sparrow | u | u | u | ||||||||
| * | American Tree sparrow | u | |||||||||
| * | Swamp sparrow | u | u/c | ||||||||
| White-crowned sparrow | r | r | r | ||||||||
| * | Clay-colored sparrow | r | r | ||||||||
| CARDINALS, GROSBEAKS and ALLIES | |||||||||||
| * | Northern cardinal | u | r | u | u | ||||||
| * | Indigo bunting | a | a | ||||||||
| * | Rose-breasted grosbeak | c | u | ||||||||
| BLACKBIRDS and ORIOLES | |||||||||||
| * | Bobolink | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Red-winged blackbird | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Eastern meadowlark | c | c | u | |||||||
| * | Brown-headed cowbird | c | c | ||||||||
| * | Common grackle | c | c | c | c | ||||||
| * | Northern oriole | u | r | ||||||||
| FINCHES | |||||||||||
| * | American goldfinch | a | a | a | a | ||||||
| Red crossbill | r | ||||||||||
| Pine siskin | r | r | u | ||||||||
| Evening grosbeak | u | u | |||||||||
| * | Purple finch | r | |||||||||
| * | House finch | u | u | u | u | ||||||
| * | House sparrow | u | u | u | u | ||||||