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Endangered Species Act 40th Anniversary

 

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Endangered Species Program in the Upper Midwest

Conserving and restoring threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems that sustain them

 

Mussels Gain Ground in the Twin Cities

May 14, 2013

Winged mapleleaf

USFWS diver holds an endangered winged mapleleaf (freshwater mussel) from

the St. Croix River in Minnesota

Photo by USFWS; Nick Rowse

 

To commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is issuing weekly articles that highlight endangered species conservation in each state.  This week’s article focuses on Minnesota.  More about the Endangered Species Act 40th anniversary and other endangered species conservation articles can be found at http://www.fws.gov/endangered/ESA40/index.html

 

The stretch of the Mississippi River that winds through Minnesota's Twin Cities is now home to four federally endangered mussel species. This reach of the river wasn't always a suitable place for these animals.

 

In the early 20th Century, the river was grossly polluted, with mats of sewage sludge floating on a river that reeked of hydrogen sulfide gas during the summer. The Minneapolis-St. Paul area relied on the river to physically flush away human and industrial waste. This once pristine reach of the river, with ravines and the glorious St. Anthony Falls, had become a sewage canal.

 

The river's water quality had improved greatly by 2000, thanks to improvements in wastewater treatment. Unfortunately, immense numbers of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) had begun to smother large, native freshwater mussel beds downstream—beds too far downstream to have been ravaged by Twin Cities' pollution. Recognizing the impending crisis to the federally endangered Higgins eye pearlymussel (Lampsilis higginsii) and other imperiled mussels, biologists began removing adults from affected beds.

 

Continue reading news release »

 

Higgins Eye Pearlymussel Home

 

Winged Mapleleaf Home

 

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What We Do

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for administering the Endangered Species Act. To fulfill our responsibilities, we do the following:

 

Candidate Conservation: identify and assess declining species that may need Endangered Species Act protection and take steps to conserve those species.

 

Listing: take steps to list candidate species as endangered or threatened and designate critical habitat. We also remove species from the Threatened and Endangered Species List ("delist") when they no longer need Endangered Species Act protection.

 

Recovery: protect, conserve and restore listed species. Recovery Report to Congress: 2009 to 2010 (PDF 3.1MB)

 

Section 7 Technical Assistance

Section 7 consultation guidance for Federal agencies and their applicants (i.e., project proponents).

Section 7 Consultation: all Federal agencies have a responsiblity to conserve threatened and endangered species and to ensure that their actions do not jeopardize the existence of any listed species. Under the authority of Section 7 of the Act, we consult with Federal agencies to help them fulfill their obligations.

 

Permits: issue permits to "take" listed species, under certain conditions.

 

Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs): work with Incidental Take permit applicants to help them prepare HCPs that minimize and mitigate the effects of their incidental take.

 

Grants: provide grants to States under Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act. These funds may, in turn, be awarded to private landowners and groups for conservation projects.

 


State Field Offices

We have Ecological Services Field Offices in each of the eight upper Midwest States. For project reviews, Section 7 consultation, or information about endangered species that you do not find on this site, please contact the Field Office in your state.

 

 

“Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of
preservation than the rich array of animal life with
which our country has been blessed. It is a many faceted
treasure, of value to scholars, scientists,
and nature lovers alike, and it forms a vital part
of the heritage we all share as Americans.”
PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON—STATEMENT UPON SIGNING THE
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, DECEMBER 28, 1973

 

Bloom of the prairie bush clover.  Photo by USFWS: Phil Delphey

 

Last updated: May 16, 2013

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